商代甲金文中“天”字构形及用法小考

A Study on Configuration and Usage of“Tian(天)”in the Shang Dynasty

殷墟甲骨卜辞中的天字具有不同的典型写法,大体可划分出四种特征字形。A形主要用作地名“天邑商”之天;B形主要用作“朕天”之天,指人首之颠;C形与商代金文族徽名用法相当,主要用作族氏名;D形主要用表祭祀对象“天某”之天。“天”或为“天某”之简称,这种用法特指祖先神,而不是天神。

There are four typical wntings of“tian(天)”in oracle bones inscnptions,The first wnting is just used in the phrase“tianyishang(天邑商)”,The second wnting is used in the phrase“zhentian”that means my head,The third writing is mainly used as na tionality name and looks like the“tian(天)”in bronze inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty,The fourth wnting is mainly used in the phrase“tian sth(天某)”that means the ancestor god in a sacnfice,The phrase“tian sth,"can be abbreviated as“tian(天)”.