竹书所见傅说之名辨说

A Discussion on Fuyue's Name of Bamboo Slips

武丁重臣傅说的名字在出土和传世文献中有作从兑声的“说、敓、[兑鳥]”和“鸢”两类写法。通过对谐声类型和字词关系的辨析,得出从“兑”声诸字在上古时代与“鸢”并非音近通用关系,应该对应不同的词。根据清华简《说命上》所述傅说有“鸢肩如锥”的形象,“说、敓、[兑鳥]”等以“兑”为声的字可以读为“锐”,取义于双肩上耸呈现上细下宽像“锥子”形的体态。《说文》:“锥,锐也”可证。“傅鸢”之“鸢”字义自有所取。“傅鸢”和“傅锐”着眼有异但所指实一,前者是托类物之名比附,后者直接刻画其状,属于同人异称。

This paper argues that characters“说”,“敓”and“[兑鳥]”in the first nameof Fu Yue,who is the Great Minister of Wu Ding,should be the isoforms of“锐”,and their meaning derived from the posture that somebody shrug with a top-narrow below-wide appearance.“鸢”is another form of Fu Yue's first name that seen in Jing Jian Nei Zhi,the Shanghai Museum Bamboo slips.This one doesn't need to be pronounced polyphonically,and the meaning has its own source.“鸢”and“锐”differ in shape but consist in implication.The first one use matter name to metaphorize,and the last one depict the appearance directly.But both of them are originated from the“鸢肩如锥”imageof Fu Yue,which can be regarded as variant name for one person.