日本元素译名对中国元素译名用字的影响探微

Analysis of the Effect What Japanese Terms for Elements Have on that of Chinese Characters Used

测查清末民初中日化学书籍中的元素译名用字,发现日本元素译名对中国元素译名用字有过重要影响,表现在以下几个方面:(1)日本元素译名影响中国元素译名用字,集中在1898—1921年间。1921年后日源元素译名全部被淘汰,仅有硅1被用来记录硅元素译名。(2)日源元素译名用字绝大多数存在于中国固有汉字系统中。日本汉字系统中特有的讹混现象会影响中国元素译名用字。(3)中国汉字系统中的同音字、异体字,及原有元素译名用字,影响译者选用元素译名用字。(4)日源译名被淘汰,缘于元素译名简便、意义单一、准确、实用等内在要求,及汉译日本著作的出版热潮消退、中国元素译名用字逐渐规范统一等外部影响。

Investigating the terms for elements in chemistry books of China and Japan in the late period of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China era,we make sure that Japanese Terms for elements have great effect on that of Chinese characters used,especially line in the following aspects.Firstly,it is the period from 1898 to 1921 when Japanese terms for elements deeply affected the characters used in Chinese terms for elments.After the year of 1921,characters used in Chinese terms for elements which were translated from Japan have been weeded out gradually,except硅1,which rendered the chemical element silicon.Secondly,most of the Characters of Chinese terms fo elements borrowed from Japanese are Chinese inherently.Special mistakes in the Chinese system of Japanese also affect the Character choosing.Thirdly,homophones,variants and old terms fo Elements in the Chinese system of Chinese all have effect on the selection of characters used in terms for elements.Last but not the least,convenience,uniqueness,accuracy and utility are the internal causes of the weeding out;the fading of the publishing boom of Chinese-Japanese translation and the normalization of Chinese terms for elements are the external causes.