论古琴减字的属性及其与汉语俗字的关系

On Attributes of the Abbreviated Characters of Guqin and Their Relationship with the Popular Form of Characters

减字及其组合只是一种在琴谱系统中约定俗成的特殊符号,虽然借助了汉字字形,但其本身不属于文字范畴。减字在减取汉字部件上具有任意性,其形体与指法谱字原字并无必然联系。减字不是俗字,但不少减字异体的形体受到了俗字字形的影响,包括简省、增繁、讹变、借音、换旁、易位六类。减字符号可以用来讨论俗字形体及其他文字问题,但前提是要对减字符号的形式和意义有正确的认识。

The abbreviated characters and their combinations of Guqin are only a kind of special symbols which are conventionally established in the Guqin score system.Although using the shape of Chinese characters,they do not belong to the category of characters.The abbreviated characters are arbitrary in subtracting Chinese character components,and their shapes are not necessarily related to the original characters of the fingering character of Guqin.The abbreviated characters are not popular form of Chinese characters,but many of them have been influenced by popular forms of Chinese characters,including six types:simplifying,adding,erroneous changing,phonetic borrowing,componential replacing,and positional shifting.'The abbreviated characters symbol can be used to discuss the form and other characters issues,but the premise is to have a correct understanding of the form and meaning.