牧草和草坪草中的真菌病毒

Mycoviruses in pastures and turfgrasses

真菌病毒是一类以真菌和卵菌为寄主,并在真菌和卵菌内完成生命周期的病毒类群,广泛存在于各真菌和卵菌类群中。部分病毒会导致其真菌寄主出现弱毒现象,从而降低病原真菌对植物的致病能力。目前,已在包括引致禾草叶斑病、褐斑病、赤霉病及豆科牧草根腐病在内的病原中发现了具弱毒特性的病毒,具有生防方面的利用价值。此外,近年来发现的真菌病毒毒株CThTV可对禾草内生真菌共生体提供耐热性,揭示了真菌病毒的另一利用潜力。草类植物是重要的畜牧业生产生活资料,在生态环境中也发挥着重要的作用,但近年来草原退化日趋严峻,制约了畜牧业的发展,也导致草原生态环境十分脆弱。本文系统介绍了真菌病毒的定义、分类、及其对寄主的影响,从草类植物的病原真菌与内生真菌两个视角,综述了真菌病毒的相关研究进展,旨在明确真菌病毒在草类植物真菌中的多样性及功能,为其在草类病害防治及抗性提升方面的研究与应用提供参考。

Mycoviruses are a group of viruses widely present in various fungi and oomycetes,wherein they complete their life cycles.Most mycoviruses cause no symptoms in their hosts,but some can cause hypovirulence and debilitation of their hosts.Hypovirulence-related mycoviruses have been detected in some grass pathogens including Helminthosporium victoriae,Rhizoctonia solani,and Fusarium graminearum.Recently,researchers discovered a mycovirus,CThTV,which could improve heat tolerance of the host,Curvularia protuberata,in a Dichanthelium lanuginosum–Curvularia protuberata symbiosis.Grass is the fundamental source of livestock feed and plays an essential role in terrestrial ecosystems.Grassland degradation and diseases have become increasingly severe,raising concerns about serious economic losses in the livestock industry.Here,we have systematically reviewed the definition and taxonomy of mycoviruses,their effects on the host,and the research status of mycoviruses,particularly in relation to pathogenic and endophytic fungi of grasses.We aimed to clarify the diversity and functions of mycoviruses,to facilitate mycovirus research and application in the field of grass-disease prevention and resistance improvement.