皖南黄兔屠宰性能与兔肉品质测定

Measurement of slaughter performance and meat quality of Wannan yellow rabbit

以12和16周龄健康的皖南黄兔各16只(公母各半)为对象,进行屠宰测定,分析其屠宰性能和肌肉品质。结果表明:12周龄和16周龄皖南黄兔平均活重分别在2 420.8 g和2 827.6 g以上,全净膛屠宰率分别在48.7%和47.8%以上,半净膛屠宰率分别在56.3%和55.3%以上,说明皖南黄兔生长速度快,产肉性能优,且12周龄皖南黄兔全净膛屠宰率、半净膛屠宰率以及屠宰率均不同程度高于16周龄皖南黄兔。屠宰后24 h兔肉p H较屠宰后鲜肉p H显著下降。部位是影响屠宰后皖南黄兔鲜肉亮度、红度和黄度的关键因素,且性别影响16周龄皖南黄兔背肌红度。此外,同一周龄皖南黄兔腿肌比背肌更嫩,而背肌的失水率和蒸煮损失较大。性别也是影响16周龄背肌蒸煮损失和12周龄腿肌熟肉率的重要因素。该研究为皖南黄兔屠宰性能和肌肉品质的评价提供基础数据,也为皖南黄兔上市日龄提供参考。

Sixteen healthy Wannan yellow rabbits(half male and half female)at 12 and 16 weeks of age were selected and performed slaughter determination to analyze the slaughter performance and meat quality.The results showed that the average live weights of 12-and 16-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits were above 2420.8 g and 2827.6 g;eviscerated ratio of 12-and 16-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits were above 48.7%and 47.8%;semi-eviscerated ratio of 12-and 16-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits were above 56.3%and 55.3%,respectively,demonstrating Wannan yellow rabbits had quick growth rate and good meat performance.While the slaughter rate,eviscerated ratio,and semi-eviscerated ratio of 12-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits were higher than those of 16-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits at different degrees.The pH value of muscle at the twentyfourth hour after slaughtering significantly decreased compared with that of fresh muscle,and body part was the key factor affecting the brightness,redness and yellowness of fresh muscle of Wannan yellow rabbits after slaughtering,and sex affected redness of back muscles of 16-week-old Wannan yellow rabbits.In addition,leg muscles of Wannan yellow rabbits were tenderer than back muscles at the same week;while water loss rate and cooking loss of back muscles were larger than those of leg muscles.Sex was also an important factor affecting the cooking loss of back muscles of 16-week-old rabbits and the rate of cooked meat of leg muscles of 12-week-old rabbits.The present study offers basic data for the evaluation of slaughtering performance and muscle quality,and also provides reference for the market age of Wannan yellow rabbits.