教育行政执法权的强弱两极化运行及其调适

The Strong and Weak Polarization of the Law Enforcement Power of Educational Administration and Its Adjustment

对教育行政执法的界定模糊,加剧了权力运行的强弱两极化格局:在狭义层面,执法主体单一、行为种类有限、执法范畴狭隘导致教育法律的实施效果相对有限;而在广义层面,管制任务宽泛、程序制约粗疏、裁量空间扩张又使得执法权行使的自主性有所彰显。欲消解这种强弱两极化的表象,既要坚持广义的教育行政执法概念,更要将多元执法主体和行为纳入行政法规体系,与行政法治的基本理念、原则、制度相衔接,还应当兼顾法律实施的一般性与教育法调整对象的特殊性,实现刚性执法与柔性执法、协同执法与相对集中执法权、硬法规范与软法规范的结合,充分发挥不同执法体制机制在教育治理中的制度价值。

The vague definition of the law enforcement of educational administration intensifies the strong and weak polarization of power operation.In the narrow sense,the single subject of law enforcement,the limited types of behavior and the narrow scope of law enforcement lead to the relatively limited implementation effect of education law.In the broad sense,the autonomy of law enforcement power is excessively highlighted due to the wide range of regulatory tasks,the limited procedural constraints and the expansion of discretionary space.In order to eliminate this phenomenon,we should not only adhere to the broad concept of the law enforcement of educational administration,but also integrate multiple law enforcement subjects and behaviors into the regulatory system of administrative law,linked with the basic concepts,principles and systems of administrative rule of law.In addition,we should also take into account the generality of law enforcement and the particularity of the object of education law adjustment,realize the coordination of rigid law enforcement and flexible law enforcement,collaborative law enforcement and relatively centralized law enforcement,hard law norms and soft law norms,so as to give full play to the institutional value of different law enforcement systems and mechanisms in education governance.