X射线光谱在文物无损分析中的研究进展

The Progress of the Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Nondestructive Analysis of Relics

文物遗存是人们认识历史发展的重要依据,通过对它们的相关研究可以了解古人的生存方式、生产技能、人与自然的关系等。X射线光谱(X射线荧光光谱和X射线吸收精细结构谱)作为重要的无损分析方法,可以用来研究物质内部元素组成和特定元素近邻结构等信息,为文物的保护研究和价值认知等提供支撑,目前被广泛应用于各种古代物质遗存的研究工作中。对近些年X射线光谱在不同类型文物研究中的应用情况进行简要的总结和介绍。总的来看,X射线荧光光谱技术在古陶瓷、油画、青铜器的断源断代研究方面发挥了重要作用,而基于X射线荧光光谱的成分数据库建设和X射线吸收精细结构谱在文物研究相关问题的深度介入是应用实践中的难点,也应是未来研究工作中的重要课题。

Substantial relics are vital pieces of evidence for people to reconstruct historical details.By studying them,we can know ancient people’s lifestyles,production and the relationship with nature.X-ray spectroscopy(X-ray fluorescence spectrum and X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum)is an important non-destructive analysis method.It can be used to acquire some information such as elemental composition and structure of a complex containing specific ions to provide support for conservation and value perception of relics.Nowadays,these methods are widely used in a variety of substantial relics.This article briefly summarizes and introduces recent applications of X-ray spectroscopy in relic research.In general,X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy plays an important role in the provenance study of ancient ceramics,oil paintings and bronzes.Constructing database based on elemental composition acquired from the X-ray fluorescence spectrum and the effective use of X-ray absorption fine structure spectrum relics the study are the main difficulties andkey topics in the future application research.