海南植被分类体系与植被分布图

Classification and distribution of vegetation in Hainan, China

本文结合历史资料和本团队30多年的野外样方调查数据,分析了海南植被的组成与结构特点,修订和完善了海南植被分类体系;通过遥感解译、样方数据和野外实地核实,完成了海南植被分布图的绘制.在水平地带性上,海南植被可区划为热带雨林区和季雨林区.在热带雨林区,垂直地带上可区划为低地雨林、山地雨林、高山云雾林和山顶灌丛;在季雨林区,植被类型垂直地带性差异不明显.非地带性植被类型有海草床(草丛)、红树林、滨海丛林,包括潟湖、岛屿和河口等海岸丛林(含三沙市的岛屿丛林)、滨江(河)丛林、次生草丛、次生灌丛和藤蔓丛等.海南植被可划分为自然植被和人工植被两大类,自然植被可分为森林、灌丛、草丛和藤蔓丛4个植被型纲, 5个植被型组, 14个植被型, 196个群系("群系"=《海南植被志》中的"类群");人工植被主要有3个植被型组:生态保护植被型组、生态景观植被型组和农业生产植被型组,共9个植被型.本研究同时完成了海南省尺度(不含三沙市)、市县尺度和乡镇尺度等三个级别的分布图(1:5万比例尺).

In this paper, we analyzed the composition and structural characteristics of the vegetation of Hainan based on historical data and extensive field surveys conducted for more than 30 years. The vegetation classification system is revised and improved, and the vegetation is mapped through remote sensing interpretation and field data. The results reveal the following:(i) the Hainan vegetation can be divided into two types of rain forest areas, tropical and seasonal, in terms of horizontal zonality. The vegetation can be further divided into lowland and mountain rain forests as well as mountain cloud forest and mountain shrub in the tropical rain forest area.However, the vertical heterogeneity of the vegetation types is not obvious in the seasonal rain forest area.(ii) A significant number of vegetation types belonging to the a-zonal vegetation include sea-grass beds(grass), mangrove and coastal jungles(including the Island jungle of Sansha city), riverside jungles, secondary grass, secondary bush and vine bush, etc. The vegetation of Hainan can also be divided into natural and artificial. The natural vegetation forms four classes of vegetation types: forest, shrub, grass, and vine,composed of five vegetation formation(vegetation formation=vegetation-type in Vegetation of China) groups, 14 vegetation formations and 196 alliances(alliances=formation in Vegetation of China, and group in Vegegraphy of Hainan). The artificial vegetation can be divided into three vegetation-type classes: ecological protection, ecological landscape, and agricultural production vegetation, containing nine vegetation types. The vegetation of Hainan has been mapped(excluding the vegetation of Sansha city)with a resolution that meets the requirements at a scale of 1:50000.