抗战时期陕甘宁边区的群众医疗卫生政策及其实践——以边区疫病防治为中心的分析

The Public Medical and Health Policy and Its Practice in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region During the War of Resistance Against Japan

抗战时期,陕甘宁边区的社会发展面临诸多挑战,其中医疗卫生底子薄、条件差,尤其是伤寒、急性肠胃炎等常见传染病的流行,直接威胁着民众的生命安全,对社会稳定和生产建设形成冲击。在此情势下,中国共产党发起了以实现“人财两旺”为出发点、以解决群众基本医疗需求为目的、以群众路线为基本遵循的医疗卫生运动,有效遏制了疫情蔓延,改善了环境和民生。“卫生下乡”为载体的群众卫生运动整合社会资源、优化社会服务,不仅检视了政党自身的组织力、执行力和凝聚力,也推动了医疗卫生事业发展和乡村建设,实现了政治权力与基层社会的良性互动,成为中国共产党在陕甘宁边区局部执政时期的社会治理典范。

During the War of Resistance Against Japan,the social development of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region faced many challenges,among which,the poor foundation and conditions of the medical and health services,especially the prevalence of common infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and acute gastroenteritis,directly threatened the life safety of the people and impacted the social stability.Hence,the Communist Party of China carried out a movement for medical care and public health with achieving“prosperous both in family and purse”as its starting point,solving people’s medical and health difficulties as the purpose,and the mass line as the basic guidance.This movement has effectively limited the spread of the epidemics and improved the environment and people’s livelihood.Taking“sanifying villages”as the carrier,the public hygiene campaign integrated the society resources and optimized the social service,which not only examined the organizing capacity,the executive force and the cohesion of the Party itself,but also promoted the medical and health services development and rural construction.Moreover,it achieved the positive interaction between political power and grass-roots society,and became the paradigm of social governance during the period of the Communist Party of China’s partial governance in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region.