国家治理现代化视阈中生物安全刑法保护探究

The Criminal Protection of Biosecurity from the Perspective of Modernization of National Governance

突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情使全社会普遍且深刻地意识到非传统安全下生物安全问题的严重威胁性及强化生物安全法律保障的现实必要性。作为法律系统的底限性和保障性机制,刑法始终以最严厉的制裁惩治严重危及社会安全、危害社会利益的行为,理应在规制威胁国家生物安全方面问题上发挥独有的作用。对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的法律应对凸显出现行生物安全刑法保护体系存在诸如保护客体认识不足、保护范围过于狭窄、罪名设置有所欠缺以及行刑衔接不顺畅等制度性缺憾。生物安全刑法保护体系的健全与完善应当树立新刑法生态法益观,使保护客体直接指向生物安全,严密生物安全保护刑事法网,提升生物安全法律保护的力度和强度,释放国家生物安全保护制度的治理效能。

The outbreak of Covid-19 has made the whole society generally and greatly realize the serious threat of biosecurity under non-traditional security and the practical necessity of strengthening the legal protection of biosecurity.As the limit and guarantee mechanism of the legal system,the criminal law has consistently used the most severe sanctions to punish behaviors that seriously endanger the social security and social interests,and it should play a unique role in regulating issues that threaten national biosecurity.The legal response to Covid-19 has highlighted the existence of institutional shortcomings in the criminal protection system for biosecurity,such as insufficient understanding of the object of protection,inadequate scope of protection,criminal charges,and poor connections between executions.The soundness and perfection of the criminal protection system for biosecurity requires a new criminal ecological and legal benefit view be established,so that the protection object will directly point to biosecurity,strictly protect the criminal law network for biosafety,and improve biosecurity.The strength and intensity of legal protection shall release the governance effectiveness of the national biosecurity protection system.