钙钛矿太阳能电池电子传输层的制备及应用

Advances of Electron Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells:Synthesis and Application

目前,有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池(PSC)的器件效率已经超过25%。电子传输层作为PSC中的重要组成部分在提取和传输光生电子,阻挡空穴,修饰界面,调节界面能级和减少电荷复合等方面起着关键作用。无机n型材料,例如TiO_(2)、ZnO、SnO_(2)和其他金属氧化物材料具有成本低和稳定性好的特点,经常在传统PSC中被用作电子传输层(ETL)。有机n型材料,例如富勒烯及其衍生物、萘二酰亚胺聚合物和小分子,具有良好的成膜性能及强的电子传输性能,经常在反式PSC中被用作ETL。本综述详细介绍了PSC中电子传输层的作用机理和制备方法;重点总结了金属氧化物材料、有机分子材料、复合材料和多层分子材料电子传输层和其改性手段的最新研究进展;最后,展望了电子传输层材料朝着高性能PSC的实际应用和发展前景。

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell(PSC)is a photovoltaic device with great potential for development.In the past decade,many studies have been devoted to the preparation of high-performance PSC,and have made amazing progress.Device efficiency has now exceeded 25%.The electron transport layer plays a vital role in extracting and transporting photogenerated electrons,blocking holes,modifying interfaces,adjusting interface energy levels,and reducing charge recombination.Inorganic n-type materials,such as TiO_(2),ZnO,SnO_(2)and other metal oxide materials have the advantages of low cost and good stability,which are often used as ETLs in traditional PSC.Organic n-type materials,such as fullerenes and their derivatives,naphthalene diimide polymers and small molecules,have good film-forming properties and strong electron transport capabilities,which are often used as ETLs in inverted PSCs.This review will systematically classify the electron transport materials for perovskite solar cells,outline their preparation methods,introduce their charge transport mechanism and effect in perovskite solar cells.The latest research progress of metal oxide materials,organic molecular materials,composite materials,multilayer electron transport layer materials and their modification methods are systematically discussed.Finally,the practical application and development prospects of the electron transport layer materials towards high-performance PSC are prospected.In summary,this review helps to better understand the preparation and mechanism of various electron transport layer materials related to perovskite solar cells,and provides strategies for further understanding and preparing high-performance PSCs.