木质素:一种有潜力的生物质基催化剂来源

Lignin:A Potential Source of Biomass-Based Catalysts

木质素是自然界中储量丰富的唯一含芳环生物质可再生资源,但复杂的结构使其难以高效利用,目前大部分被废弃。除通过氧化还原等过程可将其转化为石油化工产品的替代品外,木质素结构中丰富的含氧官能团及制浆过程引入的硫元素等均可提供有效位点,为其作为催化剂基质提供了丰富的可行性。本文从木质素资源的来源和结构分析出发,根据不同催化反应的机理和制备催化剂过程中的结构改性类型,综述了具有不同结构特征的木质素基催化剂分别在生物质平台化合物水解等酸碱催化反应、电催化反应和负载金属纳米粒子催化氧化还原反应等过程中的应用,讨论了木质素类型、制备或活化改性条件对催化材料性能的影响,也指出了当前木质素基催化剂的开发研究难点和未来发展方向。

Lignin is one of the richest natural biomass,and more importantly,it is the only renewable resource containing aromatic structures in nature reserves.However,a large part of this resource are abandoned by far due to the complex structure,which makes the effective utilization of lignin quite difficult.It is well known that lignin can be transformed into a series of substitutes for petrochemical products via some redox processes.Beyond that,not only the oxygen-rich functional groups in lignin structure,but also the sulfur element introduced during the pulping process can provide effective active sites,making lignin resource a promising substrate of various catalysts.In this paper,following a brief summary of the species and structural characteristics of lignin resource,the applications of lignin-based catalysts in acid-base catalytic reactions,such as hydrolysis of biomass platform compounds,electrocatalysis reactions,oxidation-reduction reactions catalyzed by supported metal nanoparticles are summarized according to the catalytic mechanism and modification methods of lignin.The effects of lignin types,preparation or activation conditions on the performance of lignin-based catalytic materials are also discussed in detail.Besides,the current problems and future develop prospects of the development of lignin-based catalysts are also indicated.