中国武术的时代特征及演变历程研究

A Study on the Characteristics and Evolution of Chinese Wushu

以武术为手段的冷兵器战争时代已经过去,如今,武术备受现代健身风潮的影响,就像太极拳作为一门健身和养生法一样,武术的重要功能也朝着"养生"这一领域快速发展,这种发展趋势是武术发展的重要方向之一。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,主要通过收集各时代有关拳法的典籍,以及能反映其社会环境、文化背景等要素的有关武术传记、歌诀等文献资料,对其进行整理和解读。发现:武术在各个时代都有着不同的时代特征,武术在不同的时代承载着不同的社会功能。通过查阅资料整理发现:(1)从原始武术到冷兵器时代,人们为了生存,武术主要是以"杀生"承载着当时的社会功能;(2)从冷兵器时代到火器时代的战争时代,武术主要以"强身"性承载着当时的社会功能;(3)从和平时代开始,人们为了长寿,武术(以太极拳为主)主要以"养生"目的承载着现在的社会功能。

The era of the cold weapon war,in which Wushu is used as a means to carry out life and death,is gone forever.On the contrary,Wushu is influenced by the trend of modern fitness.The result of this influence is that,just like Taijiquan as a health preserving method,the important function of martial arts is also developing rapidly in the field of"health preserving",and this development trend may be one of the important directions of martial arts development.This paper uses the methods of literature,logical analysis and other research methods,mainly through the collection of ancient books about boxing in various times,as well as the literature about martial arts biography and rhyme which can reflect its social environment,cultural background and other elements,to sort out and interpret them.It is found that Wushu has different characteristics in different times and bears different social functions in different times.It is found that:(1)from the primitive martial arts to the age of cold weapons,martial arts mainly carried the social functions of that time by"killing the living";(2)from the age of cold weapons to the age of firearms,martial arts mainly carried the social functions of that time by"strengthening the body";(3)from the age of peace,martial arts(by Taiji)for the sake of longevity Boxing)mainly"health preservation"carries the current social function.