榛子中的杀虫剂残留GC-MS检测与膳食风险评估

GC-MS detection of pesticide residues in the hazelnut and dietary risk assessment

【目的】对人工化学防治榛园中榛仁、果壳、叶片和土壤杀虫剂残留水平进行了检测,开展了榛仁的健康风险评估。【方法】在辽宁、吉林的10个地区、26个人工榛园分别采集了榛仁、果壳各26份,叶片、土壤样品各21份,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析检测了9种有机磷类(organophosphates, OPs)、2种有机氯类(organochlorines, OCs)和8种除虫菊酯类(pyrethroids, PYs)杀虫剂的残留水平,利用急性危害指数、长期摄入危害指数和累积危害指数等指标评估消费者健康风险。【结果】在检测的94份样品中,45份样品检测出杀虫剂残留,其中29份样品中杀虫剂残留超出国家标准中最大残留限量。26个榛仁样品中,26.90%样品含有2种以上杀虫剂残留,11.54%样品含有5种以上杀虫剂残留;19.23%样品残留物高于最大残留限值;所有样品共检出13种杀虫剂;短期风险评估中的重要指标急性危害指数最高为2.45%;长期风险评估中的重要指标长期摄入危害指数最高为5.50%。榛仁中OPs、OCs和PYs杀虫剂累积危害指数(cumulative hazard index, cHI)分别为7.98%、0.08%、2.07%。【结论】榛园中杀虫剂残留种类较多,总体残留程度不高,且在榛仁中存在部分杀虫剂(13种)残留,但其急性危害指数及累积危害指数很小,摄入健康风险较小。

【Objective】 Pesticide residues in the kernels, shells and leaves of hazel and soil from hazel orchards were detected, and health risk assessment of hazel kernel consumption was performed. 【Method】In 10 regions of Liaoning and Jilin, 26 hazel nut, 21 leaf and 21 soil samples were collected from 26 artificial hazelnut orchards. The residue levels of nine organophosphorus compounds(organophosphates, OPs), two organochlorine compounds(organochlorines, OCs) and eight pyrethroids(PYs) were determined with GC-MS, followed by the acute/short-term consumer health index(aHI), hazard quotient(HQ) and cumulative hazard index(cHI) calculation of kernel consumption for consumer health risk assessment. 【Result】Among all 94 samples tested, pesticide residues were detected in 45 samples, and 29 samples had pesticide residue levels higher than the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Among the 26 kernel samples, 26.90% contained more than two types of pesticide residues, and 11.54% contained more than five types of pesticide residues, 19.23% of which were higher than the MRLs of China. In all tested samples, 13 pesticides were found. The highest aHI for short-term risk assessment was 2.45%;the highest HQ for long-term risk assessment was 5.50%. The kernel cumulative risks of OPs, OCs and PYs were 7.98%, 0.08% and 2.07%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Although several pesticide residues were detected in hazel orchards, the levels were not high. Collectively, there are some pesticide residues in hazelnuts(13 types);however, their aHI and cHI have small values that represent lower health risks to consumers.