近三年江苏省非法被猎两栖爬行动物分析

Analysis of illegal hunting cases of amphibians and reptiles in Jiangsu Province over the past three years

【目的】分析江苏省野生动物案件中两栖爬行动物的特点,了解野生动物非法贸易走向,为预防非法猎捕和保护野生动物资源提供依据。【方法】基于国家林业局森林公安司法鉴定中心提供的2017—2019年江苏省涉两栖爬行动物案件基本数据,对近3年两栖爬行动物的案件类型、案件数量、涉案时间和涉案地域,涉案物种种类、数量、保护等级、涉案物种间的关联性等基本规律进行分析。【结果】(1)近3年江苏省两栖爬行动物案件呈逐年上升趋势,其中龟鳖目的案件数量和涉案物种数量年增长率最高。(2)涉案两栖爬行动物中,76.0%的物种被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(简称CITES公约)和《国家保护的有重要生态、科学、社会价值的陆生野生动物名录》。(3)66.0%的案件中涉案动物不止1种。同属一目的动物出现在同一案件中的关联性最大。有尾目与蛇亚目、蜥蜴亚目与龟鳖目、蜥蜴亚目与鳄形目、无尾目与蜥蜴亚目动物间均具有正关联性,其关联性依次降低。(4)根据送检单位行政区划,江苏省两栖爬行动物案件分布在江苏省13个地级市,分布地域覆盖全省。其中,南京、盐城、徐州是案件数量最多的城市,累计占全省案件总数的51.3%。无尾目动物案件主要分布在盐城;鳄形目动物案件主要分布在南京;龟鳖目动物案件主要分布在南京和无锡;蛇亚目动物案件主要分布在徐州和南京;蜥蜴亚目动物案件主要分布在南京和常州。龟鳖目和蜥蜴亚目动物常出现在宠物市场;蛇亚目动物常出现在宠物市场和餐饮市场;无尾目动物常出现在餐饮市场。(5)根据案发时间分布,江苏省两栖爬行动物案件的高发期在5—9月。其中无尾目动物的案件量在8月最高;龟鳖目动物的案件量在9月最高,蛇亚目动物的案件量在6月最高;有尾目、蜥蜴亚目以及鳄形目动物的案发时间相对较为分散。【结论】(1)两栖与爬行动物案件数量近年来有增多趋势;涉案的动物类群呈多样性。(2)根据野生动物非法贸易的去向,应对宠物市场、餐饮市场加强监督和管理。(3)根据江苏省13个地级市的涉案动物类型和不同类型动物案件的高发期,建议对该地区敏感时期的常涉案物种进行重点保护。此外,应加强野生动物的进出口管理预评估对外来物种的潜在危险,完善外来物种管理制度。

【Objective】The objective of this research is to understand the characteristics of current illegal-hunting cases of amphibians and reptiles in Jiangsu Province, explore the trend of cases, and provide information to fight crime and protect wildlife resources.【Method】Based on illegal hunting and trade case data from the Forestry Public Security Judicial Identification Center of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration over the past three years(2017-2019), we focused on all cases of amphibians and reptiles that occurred in Jiangsu Province, and analyzed the case types and numbers, the time of occurrence and region, the involved animal species and number of each species, the species protection level, the inter-species relevance, etc.【Result】(1) The number of illegal trade cases of amphibians and reptiles in Jiangsu Province has increased over the past three years. Among all investigated animals, Testudines had the highest annual growth rate in both case number and involved species.(2) About 76.0% of the amphibian and reptile species involved in the illegal trade cases were in the list of CITES, and "The List of National Protected Terrestrial Wild Animals with Important Ecological, Economic and Scientific Values".(3) More than one species was involved in 66.0% of the cases. Animals belonging to the same order are most likely to appear in the same case with the highest relevance. The animals from Caudata and Serpentes appeared in the same case, with a positive correlation. Positive correlation also occurred between Lacertilia and Testudines, Lacertilia and Crocodyliformes, Lacertilia and Anura, in a decreasing manner.(4) According to the location of the applicants claimed for inspection, illegal trade cases occurred in all prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu Province. Among them, Nanjing, Yancheng and Xuzhou were severely afflicted cities, which contributed 51.3% of the total cases in the whole province. Cases related to Anura mainly occurred in Yancheng, while cases related to Crocodyliformes mainly occurred in Nanjing. Other cases, such as those related to Testudines, were mainly distributed in Nanjing and Wuxi, Serpentes cases were mainly distributed in Xuzhou and Nanjing, and Lacertilia cases were more likely to be found in Nanjing and Changzhou.(5) Regarding the temporal distribution, the peak season for illegal trade cases of amphibians and reptiles in Jiangsu Province was from May to September. The cases related to Serpentes, Anura and Testudines mainly occurred in June, August and September, respectively. There were no obvious trend for the cases of Caudata, Lacertilia and Crocodyliformes.【Conclusion】(1) The number of illegal amphibian and reptile cases increased in the last three years, and animal species involved in illegal hunting cases belong to different taxonomic groups.(2) Illegal cases regarding Testudines and Lacertilia always occurred in the pet market, while those regarding Anura usually took place in the catering market;whereas, the Serpentes cases were found in both markets. Therefore, we should strengthen supervision and administrative services in pet and catering markets.(3) According to the species involved and time of occurrence, it is necessary to develop a specific protection strategy for different cities. It is very important to strengthen the import and export management of wild animals, to evaluate the potential risk of alien species, and to improve the handling and protection systems for alien species. By analyzing the characteristics of illegal trade cases of amphibians and reptiles in Jiangsu Province, this research provides strong scientific instruction for fighting illegal activities and protecting wildlife resources.