民法典视阈下知识产权惩罚性赔偿与法定赔偿的司法适用关系

The Judicial Application of Intellectual Property Punitive Damages and Statutory Compensation from the Perspective of the Civil Code

我国《民法典》中确立了知识产权惩罚性赔偿制度在民事立法领域的适用,在司法实践中应协调惩罚性赔偿与我国现行知识产权法定赔偿之间的关系。准确定位我国知识产权惩罚性赔偿与法定赔偿的制度功能,明确我国知识产权损害赔偿领域的司法二元体系。在防止惩罚性机制被滥用的同时,应当积极鼓励当事人进行举证,通过适用条件的约束等方式,限缩法定赔偿在目前司法适用中的比例。法官通过准确计算权利人的损失或侵权人的获利等方式,考量侵权人的主观恶意程度,进行相应的惩罚性赔偿的倍数适用,才能真正达到填补权利人损失,遏抑和预防侵权行为的发生的司法目标。只有不断完善知识产权法领域损害赔偿制度,与我国民事侵权基本立法相协调,才能践行严格知识产权保护政策,为实现知识产权强国战略奠定坚实基础。

The Chinese Civil Code has established the application of the intellectual property punitive damages system in the field of civil legislation, however, the relationship between the punitive damages and the current statutory compensation is yet to be coordinated in judicial practices. The paper tends to accurately clarify the institutional function of intellectual property punitive damages and statutory compensation and pinpoint the legal framework of Chinese dual judicial system in intellectual property damages. While preventing the abuse of punitive damages, the parties are encouraged to provide evidence;besides, the application of statutory compensation in current judicial practices should be restricted by limiting applicable conditions. Then the judges need to accurately calculate the right owner’s loss and the infringer’s profits, taking into consideration of the degree of the infringer’s subjective malice and apply the corresponding multiple of punitive damages, to truly accomplish the judicial purpose in compensating the right owner’s loss and preventing infringement. To lay a solid foundation for constructing China into an IP powerhouse, it needs to continuously improve the damages system in the intellectual property field, coordinate which with the Chinese basic law on civil infringement, and strictly practice the intellectual property protection policy.