乡村振兴背景下返乡新生代农民工农村社会再适应影响因素与应对策略

Influencing Factors and Coping Strategies of Rural Social Re-adaptation of the New Generation of Returning Migrant Workers under the Background of Rural Revitalization

新生代农民工是出生于二、十世纪八十年代之后,具有农村户籍,年龄在16岁以上的农村外出务工人员。本文首先围绕社会生存适应、社会心理适应和社会组织适应,从内外部两个方面梳理了影响返乡新生代农民工农村社会再适应的因素,即受受教育程度、自我身份认同的"钟摆"型、生活方式和文化价值观念的内部因素影响;同时也受收入水平高低,社会组织的支持与社会交往以及农村相对落后的文化基础设施和公共服务条件的外部因素影响,其次提出加快返乡新生代农民工社会再适应的应对策略即应实施农业现代化的继续教育;加强对其创业技能培训;加大对返乡新生代农民工经济扶持力度,建立新型的农村融资体系;加强农村基础设施和公共服务建设。一方面,促进返乡新生代农民工更好地适应农村社会;另一方面,也能为农村社会经济发展提供新动能,助力乡村振兴。

This article first focuses on social survival adaptation,social psychological adaptation and social organization adaptation,and combs the factors that affect the rural social re-adaptation of the new generation of migrant workers returning home from both internal and external aspects,namely the education level and the " pendulum" of self-identity. It is also affected by internal and external factors such as lifestyle,cultural values and the level of income and so on. The countermeasures for the re-adaptation of the generation of migrant workers in the society are to implement continuing education in agricultural modernization;strengthen their entrepreneurial skills training;increase economic support for the new generation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns,establish a new type of rural financing system;strengthen rural infrastructure and Public service construction.