作为请求权基础的环境权批判

Criticism of Environmental Rights as the Basis of Claim

大部分支持环境权论者主张的环境权实为作为请求权基础的环境权,即以环境权作为诉诸司法救济的权利基础。环境权是否属于法律权利的争议集中在:环境权人类中心主义、不可诉论、绝对论、模糊论与多余论。支持环境权的理由经不起推敲,以环境权作为已有公益诉讼权利基础的观点同样经不起推敲。学者作为请求权基础的环境权情结部分源于部门法以权利为划分基础的误解,而学科自身发展使得创始情结已经消解。环境权可以分为基本环境权和非基本环境权,基本环境权属于健康权和生命权,非基本环境权中值得法律保护的利益通过“合法利益”获得保护,未纳入法律保护范围的“事实利益”(如景观权)不宜也不适于法律保护。以目的意义的环境权取代作为请求权基础的环境权才能更好地实现环境权理论追求的环境保护之最终目的。

For most of the scholars advocating environmental rights theories,the environmental rights are a kind of rights with the basis of claim,taken as the cause to request judicial relief.Dispute son whether environmental right is a legal right concentrated in five aspects:anthropocentrism,non-litigation,absolutism,fuzziness and redundancy of environmental rights.The reasons for supporting environmental rights are weak and the views that environmental rights can be basis of existing public interest litigation rights cannot standup for scrutiny.Scholars′complex of taken environmental rights as the basis for relief request partly stems from the misunderstanding of departmental laws divided by rights,but the development of the discipline itself has dispelled the founding complex.Environmental rights could be divided into basic environmental rights and non-basic environmental rights,the former belonging to the rights of health and life and the latter including interests worth legal protecting and"factual interests",such as landscape rights which are not expedient or suitable for legal protection.Only by replacing environmental rights as the basis of right with that in the sense of purpose,can we better realize the ultimate goal of environmental protection pursued by the theories of environmental rights.