基于太湖流域生态承载力的生态补偿横向转移支付研究

Research on Horizontal Transfer Payment of Ecological Compensation based on Ecological Carrying Capacity of Taihu Lake Basin

高速发展的粗放型经济引起的流域间高污染、高能耗等问题,导致自然资源和生态环境无法协调发展。如何权衡经济发展和生态环境保护关系成为迫切需要解决的问题。目前,国内关于生态环境建设的财政机制尚不完善,市场化运作手段相对单一,导致补偿资金在地方生态建设中分配不合理、利用效率低下,急需新政策的研究设计。以太湖流域为例,选取2009-2018年的15个指标,基于生态承载力研究,结合生态损害直接成本,采用熵权法、指数分析法等方法,构建太湖流域生态承载力综合评价体系,并通过各项指标对流域生态承载力的影响程度设计生态补偿横向转移支付模型,以此推动我国生态补偿机制的建设。

With the rapid development of China′s economy,cross-border problems such as high pollution and high energy consumption have become increasingly prominent,leading to the deterioration of natural resources and ecological environment.How to balance the relationship between economic development and ecological environment protection has become an urgent problem to be solved.However,China′s current financial mechanism for ecological environment construction is not perfect,and the market-oriented operation means are relatively single.This leads to an unreasonable distribution of compensation funds and low utilization efficiency in local ecological environment construction.Therefore,new policy research and design are urgently needed.This paper takes Taihu Lake Basin as an example,adopts the entropy method and index analysis method,selects 15 indicators from 2009 to 2018 to construct a comprehensive evaluation system for the ecological carrying capacity of Taihu Lake Basin based on the study of ecological carrying capacity and the direct cost of ecological damage.And with a study to the impact of various indicators on the ecological carrying capacity of the basin,a horizontal transfer payment model for ecological compensation is designed to promote the construction of China′s ecological compensation mechanism.