2016-2018年北京市东城区公共场所卫生状况分析

Analysis of the sanitary condition of public places in Dongcheng district of Beijing,2016-2018

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所卫生状况,加强辖区公共场所卫生监督,为保障公共场所卫生安全提供依据。方法2016-2018年对东城区六类公共场所进行监测,并对监测结果进行统计分析。结果2016-2018年共抽检住宿场所等六类场所445户公共场所单位,采集样品共6993件,检测指标共12100项次,合格11600项次,指标合格率为95.87%。公共用品用具涂抹不合格指标均为细菌总数,总合格率为98.26%。抽检包括住宿场所、购物场所、影剧院场所共194户公共场所进行室内空气质量检测,2016年可吸入颗粒物(PM10)合格率最低(90.48%),2017年甲醛合格率最低(92.19%)。游泳场所指标合格率为86.48%,不合格指标为尿素、游离性余氯和池水温度。采用χ^(2)检验比较不同场所检测指标合格率差异,2016年影剧院检测指标合格率最低(79.17%),2017和2018年游泳场所检测指标合格率最低(84.62%和85.22%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)2016=249.344,χ^(2)2017=217.937,χ^(2)2018=256.858,P均<0.001)。结论东城区公共场所卫生总体状况良好,游泳场所检测指标合格率较低,应有效控制水温、及时更换泳池水、及时调整消毒剂投放量,保证消毒效果是关键。

Objective To understand the sanitary condition of public places in Dongcheng district of Beijing,and to provide evidence for strengthening the health supervision of public places in the jurisdiction and ensuring the health safety of public places.Methods During 2016-2018,six types of public places in Dongcheng district of Beijing were monitored and statistical analysis was carried out.Results During 2016-2018,a total of 445 public place units in 6 types of places such as accommodations were sampled,and a total of 6993 samples were collected.The total number of inspection indicators were 12100,and 11600 were qualified.The qualified rate of the indicators was 95.87%.The unqualified indicator for the smear samples of public supplies were the total number of bacteria,and the total pass rate was 98.26%.A total of 194 public places in residential areas,shopping places and theaters were sampled for indoor air quality testing.In 2016,the pass rate of respirable particulate matter(PM10)was the lowest(90.48%),and the pass rate of formaldehyde was the lowest in 2017(92.19%).The qualified rate of swimming places was 86.48%,and the unqualified indicators were urea,free residual chlorine and pool water temperature.Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the difference of the qualified rate of test indicators in different places.In 2016,the pass rate of the test indicators of the theater was the lowest(79.17%).In 2017 and 2018,the pass rate of swimming places test indicators was the lowest(84.62%and 85.22%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)2016=249.344,χ^(2)2017=217.937,χ^(2)2018=256.858,all P<0.001).Conclusions The overall sanitary conditions of public places in Dongcheng district was good.The qualified rate of swimming places was low,effectively controlling the water temperature,replacing the pool water in time,and adjusting the disinfectant dosage in time to ensure the disinfection effect is the key issue.