扭转陀螺章动与进动现象的实验规律研究

Research on experimental law of nutation and precession of twisted gyroscope

该文基于陀螺对章动和进动现象从理论与实验两个角度进行了详细的研究。主要研究了陀螺质心的角位移、自转周期、进动角速度与周期,以及章动角随时间变化的规律,并给出了扭转陀螺系统运动模型。研究结果表明,陀螺的运动分为3个阶段:触发阶段、衰减阶段和反向阶段。陀螺在衰减阶段存在一定时间的稳态运动,此时陀螺的章动角几乎不变,进动轨迹为准圆周运动。进动半径越大时,陀螺进动角速度的实验值与理论值的偏差增大;陀螺的自旋周期随时间分段线性变化。该研究成果为陀螺在航空航天导航系统的应用提供了一定的参考。

Based on gyroscope, nutation and precession are studied in detail from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The main study is on the angular displacement of the gyroscope’s center of mass, rotation period of the gyroscope, precession angular velocity and period of the gyroscope, as well as the variation of the nutation angle with time. The research results show that the gyroscope motion can be divided into three stages such as the trigger stage, attenuation stage and reverse phase. The gyroscope has steady motion for a certain time in the attenuation stage, and at this time, the nutation angle of the gyroscope is almost constant, and the precession trajectory is quasi circular motion. When the precession radius is larger, the deviation between the experimental value and theoretical value of the precession angular velocity increases, and the spin period of the gyroscope changes linearly with time. The research results provide some reference for the application of gyroscope in aerospace navigation system.