我国西部地区农牧民包虫病防控认知情况及其影响因素

Awareness of Herdsmen for the Prevention and Control of Echinococcosis and Potential Risk Factors in Western China

为掌握新疆、青海、甘肃、四川和西藏等西部5省区农牧民包虫病防控相关知识、态度和行为(“知信行”),分析影响“知信行”水平的关键因素,对1213名农牧民进行问卷调查,用百分比描述“知信行”的每个条目,采用t检验或方差分析,比较不同人群的“知信行”水平差异。结果显示:西部5省区农牧民对包虫病防控相关知识的知晓率为57.0%,其中感染途径知晓率最低,为30.8%;55.6%的农牧民对包虫病防控持有积极态度,68.3%的农牧民对包虫病防控有较好的行为习惯。当地农牧民获取包虫病防治知识的途径多来自医生和传统宣传资料,分别占60.7%和48.2%,未来还希望通过电视、广播和网络等大众媒体获取。青海省农牧民以及文化程度初中及以上、民族为汉族的农牧民具有较高的认知水平。结果表明,西部5省区农牧民对包虫病的认知水平较低,获取相关信息途径较为单一。建议加大宣传力度,突出包虫病源头防控;利用当前主流新媒体,丰富宣传方式,使宣传内容、载体更加契合西部少数民族地区的生活和文化习惯,切实推进农牧民防疫意识和自我防护意识的提升。

In order to investigate relevant knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of herdsmen towards the prevention and control of echinococcosis in Western China including Xinjiang,Qinghai,Gansu,Sichuan and Tibet,and to analyze the key factors for KAP level,a questionnaire investigation was conducted for 1213 herdsmen,each item of KAP was described by percentage,and the KAP levels among different populations were compared by t test or ANOVA.The results showed that the average awareness rate of herdsmen for the knowledge of prevention and control of echinococcosis was 57.0%,and that for infection route was 30.8%,which was the lowest;55.6%of herdsmen were active for the prevention of echinococcosis,and 68.3%performed better behavior habits.Local herdsmen could access to the above knowledge mostly from doctors and traditional publicity materials,accounting for 60.7%and 48.2%,respectively,mass media such as television,radio and Internet were also expected in the future.The herdsmen with education background of junior middle school or above,and from Han ethnic group in Qinghai Province were at high awareness level.It was concluded that the herdsmen knew little about echinococcosis due to single pathway to access to relevant information.It was suggested to strengthen awareness activities with a priority of prevention and control from source,enrich publicity methods by use of current new media to make the contents and carriers conform to the living and cultural habits in the ethnic minority regions,and to effectively improve herdsmen's awareness for prevention and control of the disease and self-protection.