犯罪化语境下的轻罪治理--基于《刑法修正案(十一)》的分析

Misdemeanor Governance Model in the New Era--An Analysis Based on The Amendment (Ⅺ) to the Criminal Law of the PRC

新时代背景下,《刑法修正案(十一)》继续坚持积极的刑法观,进一步增设新的罪名,扩大犯罪圈。我国犯罪呈现出恶性犯罪数量和比例逐渐下降,轻微犯罪数量和比例逐步上升的态势。当前,犯罪分层意识淡薄、轻重犯罪杂糅的状态导致犯罪治理效果不明显,监禁刑比例过高,与犯罪样态分布及犯罪矫正要求不符,犯罪统计制度阙如使得难以全面、客观了解犯罪的状况及内部具体构成。对于轻罪的治理,应当借鉴犯罪分层制度,实现刑法上轻重犯罪分离;进一步提高非监禁刑适用率,实现犯罪化与轻刑化的正相关;建立犯罪统计制度,确定犯罪统计制度制定的主体、内容、程序等事项;建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度,消除刑法参与社会治理的制度性障碍。

The Amendment(Ⅺ) to the Criminal Law of the PRC continues to adhere to a positive view of criminal law, and adds new charges to expand the circle of crimes under the background of the new era. The number and proportion of malignant crimes in China are gradually decreasing while the number and proportion of minor crimes are gradually increasing. At present, the weak sense of crime stratification leads to the insignificant effect of crime governance, and the absence of crime statistics system makes it difficult to comprehensively and objectively understand the situation of crime and its internal specific composition. Based on the current situation of crime and its governance, we should realize the separation of serious crimes in criminal law. To further increase the application rate of non-custodial punishment, to establish a crime statistics system, to determine the subject, content and procedure of the crime statistics system, we will establish a system for sealing records of minor crimes.