陈仅《竹林答问》的诗学理论(一):“诗中当有我在”

“There Would be the Author Inside the Poem” in Chen Jin’s Poetic Theory--in Answering Questions in the Bamboo Grove(1)

《竹林答问》是陈仅的一部论诗之作。陈仅在书中提出了“诗中当有我在”的思想,理论内涵非常丰富。陈仅主张:诗歌要抒发诗人真我之情,反对勉强而作,反对徒劳而作;诗歌创作要以性节情:诗歌创作须“闲其情以返诸性”,公开反对袁枚的“性灵说”;诗歌创作中性情和学力“两者必相须而成”,反对专恃一端。除此之外,陈仅对诗歌发展变化的看法不偏执一隅,其通达中肯在整个清代诗论中亦属少见。

Answering Questions in the Bamboo Grove is a poetry theory by Chen Jin.In this work,Chen Jin put forward a view that“There would the author inside the poem”.The theoretical connotation is very rich.Chen Jin advocated that poetry should express the true feelings of poet,against reluctance and futility;poetry creation should restrict emotion with morality;poetry creation must restrict the indulgence of emotion,make it return to the norms of morality and ethics and oppose Yuan Mei’s theory of disposition;poetry creation should be based on the combination of temperament and learning,and be opposed to relying on one aspect.In addition,Chen Jin elaborated his views on the development and changes of poetry.His theory is comprehensive and pertinent,which is very rare among the poetic theories of the Qing Dynasty.