晚明“三教合一”思潮与越中士人的静坐修习——以《祁彪佳日记》为中心的考察

The Thought of Three Religions in One in the Late Ming Dynasty and Sitting in Meditation Practice of the Scholars in Shaoxing——An Investigation Centered on Qi Biaojia’s Diary

晚明越中士人祁彪佳,为阳明学讲会证人社之重要成员,常与社中白马山会诸友举“七日静参之会”,还在寓山园或云门寺进行静坐实践,故《祁彪佳日记》成为考察其本人及越中士人静坐修习的难得个案。祁彪佳等人的静坐,受晚明阳明学以及“三教合一”思潮的影响,故在静坐的形式上多采用佛、道的方法,其目的则与修身日记或举放生社、参与赈灾等一样是为了劝善改过,而他与白马诸友或知交僧人讨论最多的也是阳明学的修身工夫。

Qi Biaojia,a scholar in Shaoxing in the late Ming Dynasty,was an important member of Zhengrenshe of Yangming School.He often held an assembly for seven days of meditation with his friends,who always gathered in Baimashan House.He also sat in meditation in Yushan or Yunmen Temple.Therefore,Qi Biaojia’s Diary has become a rare case to study him and the scholars in Shaoxing.Their meditation behavior was influenced by Yangming School and the thought of three religions in one,so they adopted the method of Buddha and Tao in form.Their purpose was correcting their mistakes,the same as keeping a self-cultivation diary,releasing animals,relieving disasters,etc.What he discussed most with his friends was the cultivation methods of Yangming School.