驻山东省部队野外驻训地域蜱种群调查分析

Survey on the distribution of ticks in the field training area of troops stationed in Shandong Province

目的摸清山东省野外部队驻训地域蜱分布和种群密度。方法驻训地域游离蜱采用人工小时布旗法;动物宿主寄生蜱采用动物体表捡蜱法。结果4个驻训地域均有蜱活动,蜱活动高峰期共捕获蜱虫12808只,经鉴定均为长角血蜱。不同驻训地域的蜱密度存在显著差异性(F=6.791,P<0.05),以淄博市沂源县(199.73只/h)最高,其次为青岛市西海岸新区(141.33只/h)和泰安市岱岳区(32.67只/h),济南历城区(17.60只/h)最低。相同驻训地域不同年份的蜱密度无明显差异性(F=0.583,P>0.05)。济南市历城区和泰安市岱岳区4月开始出现蜱,之后蜱密度迅速上升,5月达到最高峰。淄博市沂源县以羊染蜱率和染蜱指数(94.83%、96.9)最高,牛(77.78%、44.4)次之,犬类(63.16%、4.1)最低。未药浴羊群染蜱率为100.00%,染蜱指数为177.5;定期药浴羊群染蜱率为91.43%,染蜱指数为39.0。结论蜱在山东省部队驻训地域广泛分布,密度高峰期来临前的4月是孳生地防蜱的最佳时间,对蜱侵害度较高的山羊采取药浴防蜱效果明显。

Objective To understand the distribution and density of ticks in the field training areas of troops stationed in Shandong Province.Methods In the field training area,the man-hour drag method was used for the investigation of host seeking ticks,and examining host animals was for the investigation of attached tick.Results Ticks were found in all four stationed training areas.A total of 12808 ticks were captured during the peak activity periods for ticks.All ticks collected were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis.There were significant differences in the tick densities in different training areas(F=6.791,P<0.05).The highest tick density(199.73 ticks per hour)was found in Yiyuan County of Zibo City,followed by Qingdao West Coast New District(141.33),Daiyue District of Tai’an City(32.67)and Licheng District of Jinan City(17.60).There was no significant difference in tick densities in different years in the same training area(F=0.583,P>0.05).In Licheng District of Jinan City and Daiyue District of Tai’an City,ticks did not show host seeking activity until April,and a peak was found in May.In the field training area of Yiyuan County and Zibo City,the tick infection rate and index for sheep body(94.83%,96.9)was the highest,followed by cattle(77.78%,44.4)and dogs(63.16%,4.1).The tick infection rate and index of the flocks without medicated-bath therapy were 100.00%and 177.5,and those with regular medicated-bath therapy were 91.43%and 39.0.Conclusion Ticks are widely distributed in the field training area of the troops stationed in Shandong Province.Doing a good job in the prevention and control of ticks has important military significance and economic value.