黄山市蟑螂携带肠道菌种多样性初探

A preliminary study on the diversity of intestinal bacteria carried by cockroaches in Huangshan City

目的了解黄山市蟑螂携带肠道菌种多样性,为开展蟑螂综合防治提供科学依据。方法在黄山市的屯溪区、汤口镇、风景区3个样区采用粘捕法开展调查采样,选取优势种德国小蠊和黑胸大蠊作为检测对象,每种随机挑选10只蟑螂作为1组,每盒捕获数量少于10只的粘蟑盒,全部采集作为1组,共78组541只。结果对蟑螂样品筛检、纯化出的203株菌落,通过微生物自动检测仪(VITEK2-compact)进行菌种鉴定,分析检测出了198株菌株,鉴定出宋内志贺菌和鸡沙门氏菌2种肠道致病菌和37种条件致病菌,包括粘质沙雷氏菌(带菌率34.62%/检出率21.21%)、弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(带菌率19.23%/检出率10.61%)、阴沟肠杆菌(带菌率11.54%/检出率6.57%)、肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种(带菌率11.54%/检出率4.55%)、肺炎克雷伯氏菌(带菌率10.3%/检出率6.06%)、蜂房哈弗尼亚菌(带菌率8.97%/检出率6.06%)、泛菌属(带菌率8.97%/检出率5.05%)等优势菌种。室内优势蟑螂德国小蠊、黑胸大蠊携带的肠道菌种多样性不同,且肠道菌群带菌率差异具有统计学意义(t=2.435,df=39,sig.=0.020)。超市(20组)和宾馆(9组)采集样本带菌率最高,均为100%;农贸市场(35组)的样本带菌率次之,为97.14%;餐饮店(9组),带菌率为88.89%;居民区(3组)和医院(2组)带菌率最低,分别为66.67%和50%。不同生境蟑螂携带肠道菌种及多样性有差异,但生境间蟑螂携带肠道菌群的带菌率差异性不具有统计学意义[(t农贸-超市=0.284,df=31,sig.=0.778)、(t宾馆-餐饮=-1.046,df=17,sig.=0.310)]。结论蟑螂携带有宋内志贺菌和鸡沙门氏菌等肠道致病菌和条件致病菌。适时开展环境卫生学监测和蟑螂防治工作,对促进黄山市旅游产业可持续健康发展和推动卫生城市创建工作十分必要。

Objective To understand the diversity of intestinal bacteria carried by cockroaches in Huangshan City,so as to provide scientific basis for integrated control of cockroaches.Methods Cockroach boxes were used to capture the samples.After the samples were classified,10 cockroaches were randomly selected as one group.The cockroaches captured in a box less than 10 were set as one group.A total of 541 cockroaches in 78 groups were tested.Results There were 203 strains of bacteria screened and purified from cockroach samples.Of which,198 strains of bacteria were detected out with automatic microbe detector(VITEK2-compact),including two intestinal pathogens,Shigella sonnei and Salmonella Gallinarum,37 opportunistic pathogens,Serratia marcescens(carrier rate 34.62%,detection rate 21.21%),Citrobacter freumdii(19.23%,10.61%),Enterobacter cloacae(11.54%,6.57%),Klebsiella pneumoniae SSP Pneumoniae(11.54%,4.55%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(10.3%,6.06%),Hafnia alvei(8.97%,6.06%),Pantoea SPP(8.97%,5.05%)and so on.The diversity of intestinal bacteria carried by Blattella germanica and Blattella melastina was different,and the difference in the carrying rate of intestinal bacteria was statistically significant(t=2.435,df=39,sig.=0.020).The highest bacteria carrying rate was 100%from cockroaches in supermarkets(20 groups)and hotels(9 groups),followed by farmers’markets(35 groups)with the carrying rate of 97.14%,restaurants(9 groups)with the carrying rate of 88.89%,residential areas(group 3)with the carrying rated of 66.67%and hospitals(group 2)with the lowest bacteria carrying rate of 50%.There were differences in the species and diversity of intestinal bacteria carried by cockroaches in different habitats,but there were no statistically significant differences in the carrying rate of intestinal bacteria carried by cockroaches between habitats[(tFarmers-Supermarkets=0.284,df=31,sig.=0.778),(t Hotels-Catering=-1.046,df=17,sig.=0.310)].Conclusion Shigella sonnei,Salmonella ser.Gallinarum and conditional pathogenic bacteria carried by cockroaches in Huangshan were detected.Environmental hygiene monitoring and cockroach control are very necessary to promote the healthy development of tourism industry and the establishment of a hygienic city in Huangshan City.