中国省际水足迹空间转移网络特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Inter-Regional Water Footprint Spatial Transfer Network in China

水资源短缺已经严重影响到人类的生存和中国的可持续发展,分析各地区水资源情况是解决水资源问题的关键。论文利用2007和2012年区域间投入产出表,计算中国30个地区(未分析西藏、香港、澳门和台湾地区)水足迹转移量,并结合源-汇系统理论,从源-汇地分析水资源网络地区间流动格局。最后,构建生态网络分析模型,深入分析地区间水足迹的控制、依赖关系以及水资源网络的芬恩循环指数和系统鲁棒性,结果表明:(1)水足迹输出量较大的地区为黑龙江和新疆地区,水足迹输入量较大的地区多为经济规模较大的地区,如江苏、浙江、广东和山东等。(2)在源地系统中,黑龙江等八省区是重要的水足迹源点,多数源点省区的水足迹外向度系数有减小的趋势,各地区对水足迹存在强烈的竞争关系。汇地系统中,汇聚力系数较大的地区为江苏、浙江、山东和广东;北京和天津的依赖度系数很大,多数地区的依赖度系数呈现减小的趋势。(3)黑龙江、新疆等地区对其他地区具有较强的控制关系,北京、天津等地区对其他地区具有较强的依赖关系。(4)水资源网络的循环性较差,2007和2012年仅有江苏和广东地区的贡献率较高;另外,整个水资源网络的系统鲁棒性偏向于冗余度更高、效率更低的一侧。各地区水足迹转移和空间格局分析可为解决水资源问题提供理论依据,同时为地区和产业水资源合理利用提供理论支持。

Water shortage has seriously affected human survival and China’s sustainable development. Analysis of water resources in various regions is the key for addressing China’s water resources problems. This study used multiregional input-output tables for 2007 and 2012,calculated the water footprint transfer amount of China’s 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions(not including Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan), and the source-sink system theory are used to analyze the flow pattern of the water resource network among regions within China. Finally, an ecological network analysis model is constructed to deeply analyze the inter-regional water footprint control, dependence, and the Finn cycle index and system robustness of water resource network. The results show that:(1) The regions with large water footprint output are Heilongjiang and Xinjiang, and the regions with large water footprint input are mostly economically large areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shandong.(2)In the source system, eight areas such as Heilongjiang are important sources of water footprint. The water footprint extroversion coefficient of most source provinces has a decreasing trend, each region has a strong competitive relationship with water footprint consumption. In the sink system, the regions with large convergence coefficient are Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong;the dependence coefficient of Beijing and Tianjin are large, and the dependence coefficient of most regions shows a decreasing trend.(3) Heilongjiang and Xinjiang have a strong control relationship with other regions, while Beijing and Tianjin have a strong dependence relationship with other regions. (4)The circularity of water resources network is poor. Only Jiangsu and Guangdong had higher contributions in 2007 and 2012;In addition, the system robustness analysis showed that the water resources network is less efficient and more redundant. Water footprint transfer and spatial pattern analysis among regions within China can provide theoretical basis for addressing water resources problems, and provide theoretical support for rational utilization of regional and industrial water resources.