对儿童牙间隙丧失的认知调查分析

Cognitive investigation and analysis of space loss in children

目的:了解患儿家长对儿童牙间隙丧失认知的差异性及其影响因素,为针对性开展儿童口腔保健宣教提供参考依据,以降低错(牙合)畸形发病率。方法:使用自行设计的调查问卷,对36例接受牙间隙丧失治疗的患儿家长进行基本信息和间隙丧失相关问题调查,采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:家长比较关注孩子常见的口腔问题,口腔预防保健意识比较薄弱,对治疗的重视程度高于预防。家长对间隙丧失造成错(牙合)的认知度比较低(27.78%),与龋齿(75.00%)和乳牙早失(63.89%)造成错(牙合)的认知度相比,差异有统计学意义。间隙丧失总体认知度为61.11%。不同的家长对间隙丧失总体认知度不同,50岁以上的家长认知度较低(14.29%),高学历的家长认知度较高(82.35%);不同性别、职业和家庭月收入组相比,认知度差异无统计学意义。家长比较重视孩子的基本口腔健康,本次就诊与上次就诊间隔3个月内者较多(63.89%);前来就诊的目的主要是因龋齿或龋齿引发的牙疼(63.89%)。家长不了解间隙丧失的危害性者较多(72.22%),不知道间隙丧失需要治疗者较多(58.33%)。家长主要通过就诊时医师宣教了解到间隙丧失需要治疗(72.22%);出现间隙丧失后主动就诊者较少(22.22%),大多数通过就诊时医师建议前来就诊(72.22%)。大多数家长能接受医师关于间隙丧失的治疗建议(77.78%)。结论:需要加强口腔保健宣教力度、覆盖度和深度,加强口腔预防保健意识,尤其要对特殊体征的家长进行牙间隙重要性的宣教,保护好乳牙,预防乳牙龋和乳牙早失,避免牙间隙丧失,使完整的乳牙列形成正常的恒牙列。

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference of parent’s cognition of children’s space loss and its influencing factors, to provide reference for children’s oral health education, in order to reduce the incidence of malocclusion.METHODS: A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information and related problems of 36 parents whose children received space loss treatment. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS: Parents paid more attention to the common oral problems of their children, the awareness of oral prevention and health care were weak, the attention to treatment was higher than that of prevention. The attitude of parents to the cognition and targeted treatment of malocclusion caused by space loss was low(27.78%), which was significantly different from that of caries(75.00%) and premature loss of deciduous teeth(63.89%). The total cognition of space loss was61.11%. The cognitive degree of parents with different characteristics was different: the cognitive degree of parents over 50 years old was lower(14.29%), the cognitive degree of parents with higher education was higher(82.35%), there was no significant difference in cognitive degree among different gender, occupation and family monthly income groups. Parents paid more attention to the basic oral health of their children, most of the interval time between this visit and the last visit was 3 months(63.89%). The main purpose of the visit was caries or tooth pain caused by caries(63.89%). Most of parents did not know the harmful effect of space loss(72.22%). There were more parents who did not know the necessity of treatment to space loss(58.33%). Parents mainly learned the treatment to space loss through the doctor’s education during dental visits(72.22%). The number of active visits were less when space loss occured(22.22%), and most of parents were recommended by dentist when they came to the clinics(72.22%). Most parents were able to accept the dentists’ advice on the treatment of space loss(77.78%). CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda, coverage and depth of oral health education care, strengthen the awareness of oral preventive health care, especially for the parents with special personality on the importance of space loss, to prevent primary teeth caries and premature loss of primary teeth,avoid the loss of dental space, make the complete primary dentition to form a normal permanent dentition.