集中连片特困地区扶贫政策影响了环境污染吗?——以宁夏回族自治区为例

Does Poverty Alleviation Policies in Concentrated Contiguous Poverty Areas Affect Environmental Pollution?——Taking Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example

中国贫困地区众多,扶贫工作易忽视对生态环境产生的不良影响,因此准确识别现阶段贫困地区扶贫政策与生态环境之间是否存在因果关系,对改善贫困地区扶贫方式和经济增长方式、实现乡村振兴战略具有重要的指导意义。根据宁夏回族自治区公布的县级层面的环境污染数据,文章采用双重差分模型和中介效应模型,分析了集中连片特困地区扶贫政策对环境污染的动态影响及可能的影响机制。研究发现:扶贫政策提高了片区县的工业废水排放量,且提高作用逐年增强。经平行趋势检验、改变政策实施年份、采用两期倍差法估计等稳健性检验显示,扶贫政策提高了片区县工业废水排放量的结论依然成立;扶贫政策通过提高片区县工业企业数量或产业结构,进而提高了片区县的工业废水排放量。进一步研究发现,实施《建立精准扶贫工作机制实施方案》后,扶贫政策对片区县工业废水排放量的影响不再显著。文章提倡创新生态扶贫方式,并提出落实生态扶贫的具体建议,以供实现生态乡村振兴参考。

There are many poverty-stricken areas in China,and poverty alleviation work is easy to ignore the adverse impact on the ecological environment.Therefore,it is of great guiding significance to accurately identify whether there is a causal relationship between poverty alleviation policies in poverty-stricken areas and the ecological environment at the present stage,for improving the poverty alleviation mode and economic growth mode in poverty-stricken areas and realizing the strategy of rural revitalization.According to the environmental pollution data of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region at the county level,using differences-in-differences model,the intermediary effect model,this paper investigated the average,dynamic effects and possible mechanisms of poverty alleviation policies on environmental pollution in concentrated contiguous poverty areas.The research found that:(1)the poverty alleviation policy has increased the industrial wastewater discharge,and the effect of increasing has been enhanced year by year.After the test of the parallel trend,the change of the year of the implementation of the policy,and the use of the two-time difference method to estimate the robustness of the test,the conclusion that the poverty reduction policy has increased the industrial waste water discharge is still valid.(2)By increasing the number of industrial enterprises or industrial structure in the counties,the poverty alleviation policy further increases the industrial waste water discharge in the counties.The study further found that after the implementation of the Implementation Plan for Establishing the Accurate Poverty Alleviation Work Mechanism,the poverty alleviation policy no longer has a significant effect on the industrial wastewater discharge.This paper advocated the implementation of ecological poverty alleviation,and put forward specific suggestions for the implementation of ecological poverty alleviation,so as to provide reference for the realization of ecological rural revitalization.