中国森林公园经营效率及影响因素分析——基于三阶段超效率SBM模型

The Analysis of Management Efficiency and Influencing Factors of China’s Forest Parks——Based on Three-stage Super-efficiency SBM Model

文章选取中国28个省份2010-2018年森林公园的数据,运用三阶段超效率SBM模型对选取地区的森林公园经营效率进行测算及影响因素分析。研究结果表明:(1)我国28个省份森林公园各项效率均低于0.9,其中,第三阶段平均综合技术效率为0.399和平均规模效率为0.414相近,而平均纯技术效率为0.964,约为平均综合技术效率的2.8倍,表明我国森林公园整体经营效率一般,且管理效率和规模效率均不高,规模效率是影响经营水平的主要因素。(2)我国28个省份10年间的森林公园规模报酬数据共252个,其中163个数据显示递增,89个数据显示递减,表明我国大部分省份的森林公园均处于规模报酬递增阶段。(3)我国28个省份的森林公园经营效率数值的明显差别及排名表明我国各地区森林公园经营效率差异明显。(4)环境因素对各省份森林公园经营影响显著,其中城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、人口密度和城镇人口比重对森林公园经营效率有显著正向影响,等级公路里程和森林火灾受害面积对森林公园经营效率有显著负向影响。基于研究结论提出4点政策建议:(1)合理调整森林公园经营规模。(2)加强科学规划与管理。(3)发展特色产业提升森林公园经营效率。(4)积极适应外部环境变化。

This paper select the data of forest parks in 28 provinces in China from 2010 to 2018,and uses the threestage super-efficiency SBM model to measure the management efficiency of forest parks in the selected areas and analyze the influencing factors.The results show that:(1)The management efficiency of each of the 28 provinces’forest parks in China is lower than 0.9.Moreover,the average comprehensive technical efficiency and the average scale efficiency in the third stage are similar,while the average pure technical efficiency is 2.8 times as much as the average comprehensive technical efficiency,indicating that the overall management efficiency of China’s forest parks is general and the management efficiency and the scale efficiency which mainly affects the management level are not high.(2)The return to scale of forest parks in 28 provinces in China over a 10-year period is 252 in total,of which 163 are increasing and 89 are decreasing.It shows that most of the forest parks in China are increasing returns to scale.(3)The obvious differences and rankings in the management efficiency of forest parks in various provinces in China indicate that the management efficiency of forest parks in various regions in China are obviously different.(4)Environmental factors have a significant impact on the management of forest parks in various provinces.Among them,the per capita disposable income of urban households,population density and the proportion of urban population have a significant positive impact on the management efficiency of forest parks.The mileage of graded roads and the area of forests damaged by forest fires have a significantly negative impact on forest park management efficiency.Based on the results,four policy suggestions are put forward:(1)Reasonably adjusting forest parks management scale.(2)Strengthening scientific planning and management.(3)Developing characteristics industries to improve the management efficiency of forest parks.(4)Broadening development thinking in order to actively adapt to the changes in the external environment.