126例肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治分析

Diagnosis and Treatment of 126 Cases of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

目的探讨肾嫌色细胞癌(ChRCC)的临床、病理学特征及预后,进一步提高对该病的认知。方法分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院诊治的126例ChRCC患者的临床资料,包括临床特征、影像学检查、病理结果等,并结合文献进行总结。结果患者中男64例、女62例,年龄22~80岁,中位年龄52岁。肿瘤直径0.6~16.1 cm。右侧70例、左侧56例。均行超声、CT或核磁共振检查。110例行超声检查,63例为低回声、23例为高回声、13例为等回声、10例回声不均或混杂回声、1例为弱回声。边界清楚,彩色多普勒血流成像提示42例未见明确血流信号,68例可见血流信号,其中60例为点状或边缘血流信号。54例行CT检查,50例平扫呈低或等密度,4例为高密度,边界清楚,增强扫描可见均匀或不均匀强化,多低于肾实质,延迟期仍有强化。97例行核磁共振检查,96例T1加权成像呈低-等信号,1例病灶中可见点状高信号,71例T2加权压脂成像呈高-等信号,26例呈等-稍低或混杂信号。93例弥散加权成像呈高信号,明显扩散受限,4例扩散受限不明显,增强扫描多呈轻-中度均匀或不均匀强化。126例患者均行手术治疗,肾部分切除术64例,根治性手术62例。术后病理均证实为ChRCC,T1N0M091例、T2N0M015例、T3N0M020例。免疫组织化学阳性表达率:CD1048.2%(54/112)、CD11792.3%(96/104)、波形蛋白8.0%(9/112)、CK785.6%(95/111)、胶体铁97.6%(83/85)。结论ChRCC相对少见,恶性程度低,整体预后良好。临床症状不典型,核磁共振是影像学鉴别诊断的重要手段。确诊依靠病理诊断,手术为首选治疗方式,转移性患者目前尚无标准治疗方案。

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma(ChRCC).Methods The clinical and pathological data of 126 patients with ChRCC treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed.Results The patients included 64 males and 62 females,with the age of 22-80 years(median of 52 years).The tumor was located on the right side in 70 cases and on the left side in 56 cases.Ultrasound,CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)were performed.Of the 110 cases receiving ultrasound examination,63,23,13,10,and 1 cases showed hypoecho,hyperecho,isoecho,uneven or mixed echo,and dark hypoecho,respectively.Color Doppler flow imaging showed no blood flow signal in 42 cases and low blood flow signal in 60 cases out of 68 cases with blood flow signal.Among the 54 cases receiving CT,50 cases showed equal density or low density and 4 cases showed high density with clear boundary.The enhanced scanning showed mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement,mostly below the renal parenchyma,and still showed reinforcement in the delayed period.Among the 97 cases receiving MRI,96 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals and 1 case showed hyperintense signal in T1 weighted images;71 cases showed hyper-or isointense signals and 26 cases showed hypo-or isointense signals in T2 weighted images;93 cases showed hyperintense signals with obvious limited diffusion and 4 cases showed unobvious limited diffusion in diffusion weighted images.Mild to moderate uniform or non-uniform reinforcement was observed in most of the enhanced scans.All the 126 patients underwent surgical treatment,including 64 cases of nephron sparing surgery and 62 cases of radical surgery.Pathological examinations confirmed ChRCC for all the patients,including 91 cases of T1N0M0,15 cases of T2N0M0,and 20 cases of T3N0M0.The immunohistochemical assay demonstrated the positive expression rate of 48.2%(54/112)for CD10,92.3%(96/104)for CD117,8.0%(9/112)for vimentin,85.6%(95/111)for CK7,and 97.6%(83/85)for colloidal iron.Conclusions ChRCC is less common,with low level of malignancy and good prognosis.Since the clinical symptoms of ChRCC are not typical,MRI is an important means of imaging differential diagnosis,and the disease can be confirmed depending on pathological diagnosis.Surgery is the preferred treatment method,and currently there is no standard treatment regimen for metastatic patients.