垃圾分类何以强制?——多源流理论视角下的城市生活垃圾分类政策变迁分析

Why is Garbage Classification Mandatory?—Analysis of Policy Changes of Municipal Solid Waste Classification from the Perspective of Multi-source Theory

城市生活垃圾分类政策何以由激励性转为强制性?垃圾分类政策经历了概念性政策提出、体系化政策初建和制度化政策完善三个阶段。本文运用多源流理论分析该变迁历程的动因,发现三次变迁均是由三源流的汇集引发。而三源流并非完全独立且具有出场顺序,按出场顺序可分为问题源流—政治源流—政策源流和问题源流—政策源流—政治源流两种。问题源流具有先导性和渐进性,前两次变迁开启“问题之窗”,第三次变迁开启“政治之窗”。分类政策因政府重视程度显著提高和工作重心转移而逐渐取得成效。对于未来的城市生活垃圾分类政策,本文认为:政府应继续强化重视程度并进行生活垃圾分类专项立法,政府和政策共同体需增强对问题源流的敏感性,同时也需重视公众参与并发挥公众主体作用;而政策推进应遵循渐进原则,不可操之过急。

Why did the municipal solid waste classification policy turn from incentive to mandatory?The garbage classification policy has experienced three stages:conceptual policy proposal,systemic policy initial establishment,and institutionalized policy improvement.This article uses the theory of multiple sources to analyze the cause of the change process,it is found that the three changes are triggered by the convergence of the three sources.The three source flows are not completely independent and have an order of appearance.That are problem sources-political sources-policy sources and problem sources-policy sources-political sources.The problem source flow is leading and gradual.The first two changes open the window of the problem.The third change opens a window of politics.And the classification policy gradually achieved some results due to the significant increase in government attention and the shift in the focus of government work.Regarding the future municipal solid waste classification policy,it is believed that the government should pay more attention to the classification policy and carry out special legislation on domestic waste classification.The government and the policy community need to increase the sensitivity to the problem source flow,and at the same time attach importance to public participation and play the role of the public subject.And policy advancement should follow the principle of gradual progress.