常压电离质谱在公共安全化学毒物检测的应用

Applications of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Detection of Chemical Toxicants Endangering Public Security

常压电离质谱技术(Ambient ionization mass spectrometry,AIMS)以其敞开式环境、简便操作、原位、实时、高通量等优势,成为公共安全化学毒物检测领域的研究热点。该文基于文献计量分析,简要概述了AIMS的分类、发展趋势及其在公共安全化学毒物检测领域的发展现状,重点从检测灵敏度、样品前处理兼容性以及现场检测的小型化质谱适配性等方面,归类总结了AIMS在毒品、爆炸物、化学战剂和生物毒素等分析检测方面的应用特点,最后对其技术特点及未来发展待解决问题等进行了评述,为相关领域研究人员提供有益参考。

Last decade has witnessed the resurgence of occasional terror attacks or extreme events,which poses a serious threat and impediment to public security and ecomonic development.To faciliate the first emergency response,the on-site monitoring and detection techniques are urgently needed,and attracting great attention in the field of analytical science.Among various analytical techniques,ambient ionization mass spectrometry(AIMS)once emerged,it is rapidly developing in prosperity due to its powerful ionization capability under atmospheric conditions.Taking advantages of rapid,in situ,real-time,high-throughput analysis of samples in complex matrixes with simple or no need of sample preparation,AIMS is regarded as a current research hotspot in the analysis of chemical toxicants in the field of public security.According to the ionization and desorption behaviors,AIMS was classified into two categories in this review,containing one-step ambient ionization or two-step ambient ionization approach.The bibilometric results were then analyzed and presented via VOSviewer software from network visualization of countries,institutions,authors and keywords of recent publications with a total of 2685 articles.Seven key word clusters were clearly extracted to indicate different technical features and application trends.The representative AIMS techniques were then mainly summarized,as well as their application examples in the detection of illicit drugs,explosives,chemical warfare agents and biotoxins as the main targets.In the present public security field,abundant ambient ionization modes have been adapted to different types of mass analyzers for qualitative and quantitative detection of trace chemical toxicants in complex sample matrices such as body fluid,surface and food.For sensitive screening and detection,researchers devoted to improving ionization efficiency,desorption ability,and integrating simple sample pretreatment.In particular,ambient ionization could be organically combined with miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometry that does not require high vacuum to achieve a rapid and on-site detection,of which the promising AIMS techniques include dielectric barrier discharge ionization(DBDI),direct analysis in real time(DART)and paper spray ionization(PSI),etc.Along with the impressive progress of AIMS,a series of technical challenges still need to be effectively addressed,including reproducibility,quantitative ability,analyte scope,sensitivity and complex data analysis capabilities.It is foreseeable that AIMS will realize its great potential in public security field,especially in on-site detection under the deep understanding of theory,beneficial to its flexible module design and powerful hybridization or combination potential with other detection techniques.