常见鼠药中毒及检测技术研究进展

Research Advances in Rodenticides Poisoning and Their Analytical Techniques

鼠药是控制有害啮齿类动物最经济有效的方式,而大多数鼠药对人畜均具有较强的毒性。鼠药的不合理使用严重威胁人类和其他非靶标动物的生命安全。由误食、二次中毒、自杀及恶意投毒等原因导致的中毒事件时有发生。发展快速准确的鼠药中毒检测技术对于及时确定中毒靶标从而进行有效干预、对症治疗是降低鼠药危害的重要手段。常规的鼠药检测大多基于液相色谱-串联质谱等仪器分析方法。近年来,免疫分析技术由于具有操作简单、快速的优点,开始用于鼠药的快速检测。该文重点针对典型的氟乙酰胺、毒鼠强和抗凝血类鼠药的中毒概况和检测技术进行了总结,以期为相关领域研究人员提供技术指导。

Rodenticides are the most economical and effective way to control rodents.Meanwhile,most rodenticides have a strong toxicity to human or livestock.The abuse of rodenticides not only poses a risk to non-target animals,but also threatens human beings.Numerous human poisoning events occur via accidental exposure,secondary poisoning,suicide attempts and malicious poisonings.As rodenticides poisoning is a serious public health problem,it is urgent and necessary to establish reliable and rapid methods for poisoning diagnosis and rodenticides analysis.Establishing the preclinical detection of rodenticides poisoning,especially the rapid detection methods,are very critical to determine the treatment and rescue measures.The current analyses of rodenticides are mainly dependent on the instrumental methods,including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and gas chromatography(GC).Recently,immunoassay has been used in the rapid detection of rodenticides,due to its simple fabrication and operation,low-cost and portability.The advances in poisonings of fluoroacetamide,tetramethylenedisulfotetramine and anticoagulant rodenticides,as well as their detection methods are summarized in this paper,which is anticipated to provide a technical instruction for researchers in the correlative fields.