飞机燃油箱机载惰化技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend of aircraft fuel tank on-board inerting technology

为了有效减少飞机燃油箱燃爆风险,以机载惰化技术为重点,介绍了燃油可燃性和氧体积分数指标确定的方法,根据燃爆极限可将民机的安全氧体积分数定为12%,军机则采用直接用燃烧弹打击油箱测定最大压力的方式将其定为9%,分析了气体在燃油中平衡和非平衡溶解的差异,并给出了相应的计算方法,对中空纤维膜惰化技术中分离膜特性、惰化气体分配方式及仿真方法进行了介绍,分析了机载惰化技术未来的发展趋势。结果表明:目前国内机载惰化技术已经成为主流的惰化技术,但针对国产燃油可燃性的研究十分匮乏,未来可以对此展开进一步研究,并且可对冷却惰化、绿色惰化和吸附惰化等技术加大研究力度,有望拥有自主的知识产权。

In order to effectively reduce the risk of fuel tank explosion, the method of fuel flammability and oxygen concentration index focusing on the technology of the on-board inerting was introduced. According to the fuel explosion limit, the safe oxygen concentration of civil aircraft can be set as 12%, and that of military aircraft set as 9% by directly striking the fuel tank with the fire bomb to determine the maximum pressure. It analyzed the difference between equilibrium and non-equilibrium dissolution of gas in fuel oil and introduced the characteristics of separation membrane, the distribution of inerting gas and the simulation method. The development trend of on-board inerting technology in the future was analyzed. The results showed that: domestic inerting technology has become the mainstream inerting technology, but there is a lack of research on the flammability of domestic fuel, which can be further studied in the future. In addition, research on cooling inerting, green inerting, adsorption inerting and other technologies can be intensified, and it’s expected to have our own intellectual property rights.