临床应用头孢菌素类抗生素的不良反应及合理用药研究

Study on adverse reactions and rational drug use of cephalosporins in clinical application

目的探讨临床应用头孢菌素类抗生素产生的不良反应及合理用药措施。方法通过回顾性分析法对68例采取头孢菌素类抗生素治疗出现不良反应的患者的临床资料进行收集、分析、整理,对头孢菌素类抗生素不良反应出现的原因、具体类型、头孢菌素类抗生素药物应用类型进行归纳总结,同时制定头孢菌素类抗生素药物的合理应用措施。结果头孢菌素类抗生素引起的不良反应药物类型包括头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢唑林、头孢西丁、头孢呋辛、头孢他啶、头孢地嗪,占比分别为14.71%、13.24%、11.76%、7.35%、13.24%、20.59%、19.12%。常见不良反应类型包括血液系统反应、变态反应、胃肠道反应、肾肝毒性反应,占比分别为11.76%、26.47%、57.35%和7.35%;头孢菌素类抗生素不良反应发生的主要原因包括超剂量用药、未进行药敏试验、无指征用药、重复用药,占比分别为32.35%、4.41%、23.53%和39.71%。结论临床应用头孢菌素类抗生素过程中,应保证药物应用的合理性及安全性,利用合理用药方法可降低不良反应发生率。

Objective To discuss the adverse reactions and rational drug use of cephalosporins in clinical application. Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with adverse reactions caused by cephalosporins were collected, analyzed and sorted out. The causes, specific types and application types of cephalosporins adverse reactions were summarized to formulate reasonable measures of cephalosporins. Results The types of adverse drug reactions caused by cephalosporins included cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and cefodizime, accounting for 14.71%, 13.24%, 11.76%, 7.35%, 13.24%, 20.59%, and 19.12%, respectively. Common types of adverse reactions included hematological system reactions, allergies, gastrointestinal reactions, and renal and hepatotoxic reactions, accounting for 11.76%, 26.47%, 57.35% and 7.35% respectively. The main causes of adverse reactions of cephalosporins included overdose medication, no drug sensitivity test, unindicated medication, and repeated medication, accounting for 32.35%, 4.41%, 23.53%, and 39.71%, respectively. Conclusion In the process of clinical application of cephalosporins, the rationality and safety of drug application should be ensured, and rational drug use can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.