继承与超越:恩格斯自然辩证法对黑格尔哲学的批判性改造

Inheritance and Surpassing: the Critical Transformation of Engels’ Dialectics of Nature on Hegel’s Philosophy

自然辩证法作为恩格斯晚年的重要思想,与黑格尔哲学之间存在着密切的联系。从发生学来看,恩格斯自然辩证法的产生可以追溯到对黑格尔哲学的批判性改造。恩格斯肯定性地继承了黑格尔哲学中的辩证法思想,自然与社会不是割裂地而是密切地联系的;劳动在人成为人的过程中发挥着重要作用;自然辩证法不是僵化的教条,而是批判性和革命性的理论。与此同时,恩格斯与黑格尔之间也存在着否定性的批判关系。恩格斯以唯物主义取代了唯心主义,打破了黑格尔形而上学的封闭体系。在此基础上,恩格斯完成了对黑格尔哲学的超越,在马克思之后进一步阐发了唯物辩证法的内容。通过吸收现代自然科学的发展成果,确立了辩证思维的合理性地位。

As an important thought of Engels in his later years, dialectics of nature is closely related to Hegel’s philosophy. Engels’ dialectics of nature can be traced back to Hegel’s philosophy. That is nature and society are not separated but closely related;labor plays an important role in the process of human becoming human being;dialectics of nature is not a rigid dogma, but a critical and revolutionary theory. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that Engels critiqued the system of Hegel’s metaphysics and replaced idealism with materialism. On this basis, Engels completely surpassed Hegel’s philosophy and developed materialism dialectics after Marx. By absorbing the achievements of modern science, Engels established the rational position of dialectical thinking.