谁在高校扩招中获益最多?--高等教育机会获得的群体差异及影响因素研究

Who has benefited most from the expansion of university enrollment:group differences in access to higher education and its influencing factors

本研究基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据,采用逻辑斯蒂回归模型考察高校扩招对各群体总体及不同层次群体高等教育机会获得情况的影响。研究发现,高校扩招提升了各群体专科及本科教育参与比例,但并未减小城乡之间的不平等,城镇群体仍占据一定优势地位;性别差异出现扭转,女性群体总体处于优势地位;在仅考虑群体差异问题时,中等层群体和东部地区群体在扩招后获益最多;在家庭资本对子女高等教育机会获得的影响上,文化资本和政治资本均更易作用于本科教育上,且文化资本的作用更为明显。高校扩招过程中要保证相对的教育机会平等,政府应提高农村及西部地区基础教育质量,优化高中教育资源配置;建构和完善公共教育服务体系,弥补低家庭资本群体的教育缺失;对弱势群体进行高等教育机会补偿和成本补偿。

Based on the data of the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS),the study used the logistic regression model to investigate impacts of university enrollment expansion on the overall and different levels′access to higher education of various groups.It found that university enrollment expansion increased the participation rate of higher education among different groups,but did not narrow differences between urban and rural areas.The gender gap changed,with women generally in the dominant position.When only group differences were considered,the middle class and eastern groups benefited the most.In terms of family capital,cultural capital and political capital were easier to exert on undergraduate education,and cultural capital played a more significant role.So,the government should improve the basic education quality in rural and western areas,optimize high school education resource allocation,increase the input in public education resources,and compensate disadvantaged groups in the opportunity and cost of higher education.