浅析江南园林水体景观

A Brief Analysis on Water Landscape of Jiangnan Garden

园林可追溯到中国古代帝王狩猎寻乐的"囿"、观天敬神的"台"、种植蔬果的"圃"、寻欢作乐的"苑";汉代理水技术和隐士文化催生园林的多元景观,曹魏引活水入邺城开启造园的突破性发展,隋唐文人山水画理念渗透到园林的营造之中,宋代以后在江南地区更是兴起以"水"为中心的文人园林;"水"的介入既丰富了园林文化,又承载着"智者乐水""上善若水""水为万物之源"等中国人传统的世界观;在江南园林中多为池、湖等静态水体,但蕴含着丰富的动态景观,呈现出润、幽、雅的境界。本文运用文献研究法和比较分析法,探讨江南园林"静态水体"中的动态景观所蕴含的宇宙观、风水观、文人思想和传统信仰等意涵,希望从物理、心理、精神等层面揭示中国古人营造"静态水体"的价值和理念,进而提出以"水"为媒介创新未来城市公共空间的建议。

Gardens can be traced back to the"garden"of emperors in ancient China,the"garden"where they could hunt for enjoyment,the"garden"where they could observe heaven and worship God,the"garden"where they could plant fruits and vegetables,and the"garden"where they could enjoy themselves.Han Dynasty water technology and hermit culture gave birth to the diversified landscape of gardens;Cao Wei brought fresh water into Yecheng,a breakthrough in the development of gardens.The landscape painting concept of the literati in Sui and Tang Dynasties permeated into the construction of gardens;The intervention of"water"not only enriches the garden culture,but also carries the traditional Chinese world outlook such as"wise men love water","good as water"and"water is the source of all things".In Jiangnan gardens,there are mostly pools,lakes and other static water bodies,but they contain rich dynamic landscape,presenting a moist,quiet and elegant realm.This study uses literature research method and comparative analysis method to explore the cosmology,geomantic omen,literati thoughts and traditional beliefs contained in the dynamic landscape of"static water"in Jiangnan gardens.The author hopes to reveal the value and idea of the ancient Chinese people to create"static water body"from the physical,psychological and spiritual aspects,and then puts forward some suggestions to innovate the future urban public space with"water"as the medium.