香港立法会选举中的选区划分与席位分配的内在矛盾

The Inherent Contradiction between the Constituency Division and the Seat Allocation in the Hong Kong Legislative Council Election

有关香港立法会选举的各种讨论,都需要首先解决选区划分和席位分配问题,但是前期的讨论鲜有理论支持。结合数学研究的结论及美国和欧盟的经历可以发现,在解决选区划分和席位分配的矛盾方面已经形成了一套基本原理。香港立法会选举在选区划分和席位分配方面的独特经历在于,本来有利于大选区的席位分配方式,结果反而不利于大选区。其背后的主要矛盾是没有处理好席位分配公式、人口变动趋势、席位上下限和偏差大小之间的关系。

To discuss the election of Hong Kong Legislative Council (Legco),we need first to resolve the issues of constituency division and seat allocation,a topic that has little theoretical research.Based on the mathematical research results and the practices in the United States and the European Union,we can see a set of basic principles for solving the contradiction between constituency division and seat allocation.What makes the Legco election unique in terms of constituency division and seat allocation is that the way of seat allocation in favor of the large constituency turns out the harm the latter.The main contradiction behind it is caused by the failure to properly handle the relationship among the seat allocation formula,demographic change trend,seat upper and lower limits and the deviation size.