南京某医院中青年体检人群高血压前期和高血压病流行现状及其危险因素分析

Prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in young and middle-aged population in Nanjing

目的通过分析中青年群体高血压前期和高血压病的患病现状及可能危险因素,为相应疾病防控提供研究依据。方法选取南京鼓楼医院体检中心2009—2016年的中青年(18~44岁为青年,45~59岁为中年)体检人群作为研究对象,通过分析该人群的体检资料,探讨高血压前期[收缩压120~139 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和/或舒张压80~89 mmHg]和高血压病的流行现状及其危险因素。结果调查总人群为142857例,高血压前期患者有64220例,高血压患者有3912例,高血压总患病率为9.74%,男性为12.51%,女性为5.82%。高血压前期总患病率为44.95%,男性为53.31%,女性为33.15%。中年组中,高血压前期患病率为51.68%,高血压病患病率为15.13%,而这两个指标在青年组分别为37.95%和4.13%。2013—2016年高血压前期和高血压病患病率分别为45.37%和10.65%,均高于2009—2012年的44.52%和8.78%。此外,中青年体检人群中高血压前期组合并血糖、血脂、糖脂代谢异常的检出率均高于正常血压组,低于高血压组(P<0.001)。多因素分析显示,年龄、超重/肥胖、高血糖、高甘油三酯血症及高胆固醇血症与男性高血压前期密切相关,而年龄、超重/肥胖、高血糖、高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症及高低密度胆固醇血症与男性高血压病和女性高血压前期及高血压病密切相关。结论中年、超重/肥胖、高血糖、高甘油三酯血症及高胆固醇血症均为中青年男性和女性体检人群高血压前期和高血压患病的可能危险因素,需要强化对上述因素的干预。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in young and middle-aged population in Nanjing.Methods Subjects of the study were those who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from 2009 to 2016.The prevalence and risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in young(aged 18-44 years old)and middle-aged people(aged 45-59 years old)were analyzed.Results A total of 142857 participants aged 18-59 years old were analyzed.Among them,64220 cases in the pre-hypertension group and 13912 cases in the hypertension group.The prevalence of hypertension was 9.74%(12.51%in males and 5.82%in females).The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 44.95%(53.31%in males and 33.15%in females).In the middle-aged group,the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 51.68%and 15.13%,respectively,which was higher than that in the young group(37.95%and 4.13%,respectively).The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in 2013-2016 was 45.37%and 10.65%,respectively,which was higher than that in 2009-2012(44.52%and 8.78%).In addition,the prevalence of abnormal blood glucose metabolism,abnormal blood lipid metabolism and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in the pre-hypertension group was higher than that in the normal blood pressure group,but lower than that in the hypertension group(P<0.001).A logistic regression analysis indicated that age,overweight or obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia were risk factors of pre-hypertension in male.Age,overweight or obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesterolemia and hyper-low density cholesterolemia were associated with hypertension in male and with pre-hypertension and hypertension in female.Conclusions Middle age,overweight/obesity,elevated fasting plasma glucose,elevated triglyceride and elevated total cholesterol were risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in both men and women.Intervention on the related risk factors should be conducted as early as possible.