外泌体及其携带的非编码RNA在卵巢癌诊疗中的研究进展

Advances in the research of exosome and exosomal non-coding RNA in diagnosis and therapy of ovarian cancer

卵巢癌为3大妇科恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率逐年上升,病死率位居妇科肿瘤首位,由于其早期诊断率低、复发率高和易产生化疗耐药,卵巢癌临床治疗效果较局限,预后较差。研究发现,外泌体(exosomes)携带有细胞来源的DNA、RNA和蛋白质等物质,可参与调节肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境之间的细胞间通讯,其携带的非编码RNA在转录、转录后及表观遗传学水平上调控基因的表达,并在肿瘤的发生与进展中发挥重要作用。因此,外泌体非编码RNA有望作为卵巢癌的诊断标志物或治疗靶点,本文将就外泌体非编码RNA在卵巢癌发生、发展及治疗过程中的研究进展作一综述。

Ovarian cancer is one of the three major gynecological malignancies.Its incidence is increasing each year,and its fatality rate ranks first in gynecological malignancies.Due to its low early diagnosis rate,high recurrence rate and chemotherapy resistance,the clinical treatment effect of ovarian cancer is relatively limited,and the prognosis is poor.Studies have found that exosomes carry cell-derived DNA,RNA,proteins and other biomolecules,which can regulate cell-to-cell communication between tumor cells and the microenvironment.Among them,non-coding RNA regulates gene expression at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels,and plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors.Therefore,exosomal non-coding RNA is expected to be used as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.This article will review the research progress of exosomal non-coding RNA in the tumorigenesis,development and treatment of ovarian cancer.