昆明市中心城区服务业空间格局研究

Study on the Spatial Pattern of Service Industry in Kunming Central City

为了探究昆明市中心城区服务业的空间分布特点,从高德地图开放平台中获取昆明市中心城区的兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,通过删除重复兴趣点、删除缺失的属性点对数据进行清理;以服务业兴趣点的密度为研究对象,采用核密度分析法确定了不同服务业的聚集中心,利用平均最邻近指数确定了研究区域内14类兴趣点在空间中均存在“聚集”的空间分布特征;采用KANN-DBSCAN聚类算法对研究区域内的服务业兴趣点进行聚类,并使用街道面积归一化得到每一类兴趣点在街道上的密度。结果表明:研究区内的服务业空间分布形成“一核多中心”的空间分布特征,城市服务设施呈“Y”型放射状发展;呈贡新区的教育职能突出,吸引了服务业设施的聚集;老城市中心服务职能复杂多样,其特征主要体现在商业设施及其周边配套形成的核心聚集和专业市场形成的多个中心的聚集;不同服务设施间的聚集程度存在较大差异。最后,结合分析结果为昆明市中心城区的服务设施的发展提出3点建议,可对昆明市中心城区服务业的发展提供一定参考。

In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics of service industry in Kunming downtown area,the POI of Kunming downtown area is obtained from the open platform of Gaode map,and the data is cleaned up by deleting duplicate interest points and missing attribute points.Taking the density of interest points of service industry as the research object,the kernel density analysis is used to determine the aggregation centers of different service industries,and the average nearest neighbor index is used.This paper explores the spatial distribution characteristics of 14 types of interest points in the study area,and uses the KANN-DBSCAN clustering algorithm to cluster the service industry interest points in the study area,and uses the street area normalization to get the density of each type of interest points on the street.The results show that:the spatial distribution of service industry in the study area has formed a“one core,multi center”spatial distribution characteristics,urban service facilities show a“Y”radial development;the education function of Chenggong is prominent,attracting the aggregation of service industry facilities;the service function of old city center is complex and diverse,and its main characteristics are reflected in the core aggregation and specialization of commercial facilities and its surrounding supporting facilities.The agglomeration degree of different service facilities is quite different.Finally,combined with the analysis results,this paper puts forward three suggestions for the development of service facilities in the central city of Kunming,which can provide some reference for the development of service industry in the central city of Kunming.