新冠病毒肺炎疫情下居家老人对防疫知识认知及心理状态的混合研究

Mixed Methods Research on Knowledge and Psychological Status of Epidemic Prevention among the Elderly at Home in the Epidemic Situation of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia

目的了解在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下,居家老人对防疫知识的认知及心理反应、应对情况,为防疫和宣传策略制定及重点人群的心理疏导提供依据。方法采用量性及质性研究相结合的混合研究方法,对289名老人进行问卷调查,并对14名老人进行了质性访谈,了解其对于防疫知识的掌握情况、心理反应及应对情况。结果居家老人防疫知识获取途径有限,对于防疫知识缺乏完整、正确认知,不同居住类型、居住方式及健康状况的居家老人在疫情期间的心理反应和应对方式的差异有统计学意义;心理反应各个方面与积极应对都存在显著负相关性,与消极反应都存在显著正相关性;肯定国家疫情防治工作,相信医护人员,对战胜病毒有信心。结论应针对居家老人特别是农村老人,开展多种形式、有针对性的防疫知识宣教,加强对农村、独居及患病老人的心理疏导,引导他们积极应对疫情。

Objective To understand the knowledge,psychological response and response of the elderly at home to epidemic prevention,the formulation of epidemic prevention and publicity strategies and the psychological counsel⁃ing of key populations under the epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia.Methods A total of 289 elderly people were investigated by questionnaire and 14 elderly people were interviewed by qualitative method.Results The access to epidemic prevention knowledge of the elderly at home was limited,there was a lack of complete and correct understanding of epidemic prevention knowledge,and there were significant differences in psychological re⁃actions and coping styles of the elderly at home with different living types,living methods and health conditions during the epidemic;there were significant negative correlations between all aspects of psychological reactions and positive responses,and significant positive correlations with negative responses;there was a positive correlation be⁃tween national epidemic prevention and control work,and it was believed that medical staff had confidence in overcoming the virus.Conclusion It is necessary to carry out various forms and targeted education on epidemic pre⁃vention knowledge for the elderly at home,especially in rural areas,strengthen the psychological counseling for the elderly in rural areas,living alone and sick,and guide them to actively cope with the epidemic situation.