肠道菌群与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

Research progress of the relationship between intestinal flora and cardiovascular disease

肠道菌群的代谢产物三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)主要通过PKC/NF-κB通路的激活或刺激泡沫细胞的生成,进而促进动脉粥样硬化的发生及发展。血浆TMAO水平升高可以作为心力衰竭患者预后不良的危险分层指标。肠道菌群代谢产物短链脂肪酸通过与宿主G蛋白偶联受体结合,影响宿主血压水平;肠道菌群也可通过对交感神经的影响调节血压,即“脑-肠-骨髓轴”假说。川崎病患儿肠道菌群丰度及结构均发生了变化,其肠道内某些特有细菌具有超抗原活性并可产生热休克蛋白,并通过影响炎症因子释放参与川崎病的发生发展。

Trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO),a metabolite of intestinal flora,promotes the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis through the activation of PKC/NF-κB pathway or stimulating foam cell formation.Elevated plasma TMAO can be used as a risk stratification index of poor prognosis in patients with heart failure.Short chain fatty acids,the metabolites of intestinal flora,affect the blood pressure level of host by binding to G-protein-coupled receptors.Meanwhile,intestinal flora can regulate blood pressure by affecting sympathetic nervous,which is the hypothesis of“brain-gut-bone marrow axis”.The abundance and structure of intestinal flora in children with Kawasaki disease have changed.Some special bacteria in the intestine have superantigen activity and can produce heat shock protein.These factors may involve in the occurrence and development of Kawasaki disease by affecting the release of inflammatory factors.