医学生颈椎亚健康状况的现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of cervical spine sub-health of medical students

目的调查医学生颈椎亚健康的现状及影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、视觉模拟疼痛量表、颈椎功能障碍指数调查问卷、颈椎亚健康影响因素调查问卷,于2019年4月—11月对山东中医药大学418名在校医学生进行问卷调查。结果17.9%的医学生存在颈椎亚健康状况。单因素分析显示,有无颈椎亚健康人群枕头高度、学习或玩游戏至深夜2点、看书最长持续多长时间不休息、平均每天用电脑或手机时长、看书或是上网时头部姿态、每周运动时间、颈部受伤史比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。每天用电脑或手机的时间、上课看书或是上网时头部姿态、颈部受伤史是影响医学生颈椎亚健康的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),每周运动时间为保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论医学生颈椎亚健康发生率较高。电子产品的使用、头部姿势不正确、颈部受伤史是其危险因素,而身体锻炼是保护因素。

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of cervical sub-health of medical students.Methods Using general information questionnaire,visual analog pain scale,cervical spine dysfunction index questionnaire,and cervical sub-health influencing factor questionnaire,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 418 medical students of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April to November 2019.Results Cervical sub-health of medical students was reported by 17.9%.Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in pillow height,studying or playing games until 2 o’clock in the evening,the longest reading period without rest,the average daily time of using computer or mobile phone,head posture when reading or surfing the Internet,weekly exercise time,history of neck injury between people with or without cervical sub-health(P<0.05).Daily use of computer or mobile phone time,head posture when reading in class or surfing the Internet,and history of neck injuries were risk factors affecting medical students’cervical sub-health(OR>1,P<0.05),while weekly exercise time was a protective factor(OR<1,P<0.05).Conclusion Frequent cervical sub-health was reported in medical students.The use of electronic products,incorrect head posture and history of neck injury are risk factors,while physical exercise is a protective factor.