北京市城乡结合部流动人口传染病知识学习现状及影响因素研究

Status quo and influencing factors of infectious disease knowledge learning among the floating population in Beijing

目的调查了解北京市城乡结合部流动人口传染病知识知晓率、学习现状和影响因素,为进一步完善传染病防控提供参考依据。方法于2016—2017年采用分层整群随机抽样的方法从海淀区和丰台区共4个社区,选取年龄≥18岁的863名流动人口,以在京期间采取多种途径学习传染病知识作为学习组,其他作为未学习组,并进行面对面问卷调查,包括基本情况、传染病知识学习情况和知晓率等。结果两组年龄、户口、婚姻状况、文化水平、收入水平、在京时间、是否计划在京长期居留、在京有孩子、工作状态、住房情况、工作时间、锻炼身体、是否获取健康知识、慢性病患病情况及自感健康状况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在京期间曾经学习过传染病知识的流动人口占53.0%。6.6%和55.5%回答传染病疾病种类和传播途径全部正确。多因素分析结果显示,35~<45岁(OR=0.471)、45~<55岁(OR=0.374)、>55岁(OR=0.071),工作时间为8 h(OR=0.305)、>8 h(OR=0.176),自感健康状况差(OR=0.429)人群学习传染病知识可能性小(P<0.05);高中或中专(OR=5.006)、大专及以上(OR=5.071),购房(OR=1.886),锻炼身体(OR=1.905)人群学习传染病知识可能性大(P<0.05)。结论流动人口传染病知识的整体知晓率还有待提高,可开展有针对性的健康宣教。

Objective To investigate and understand the knowledge rate,learning status and influencing factors of infectious diseases among the floating population in the urban-rural fringe area of Beijing,and to provide a reference for further improving the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Methods From 2016 to 2017,a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 863 floating population aged≥18 years from four communities in Haidian District and Fengtai District.During the period in Beijing,the study group took various ways to learn about infectious diseases,and others as the unlearned group,and conducted face-to-face questionnaire surveys,including basic information,knowledge of infectious diseases,and awareness rates.Results The differences of age,household registration,marital status,education level,income level,time in Beijing,whether you plan to stay in Beijing for a long time,having children in Beijing,work status,housing situation,working hours,exercise,whether to obtain health knowledge,chronic disease status,and with self-perceived health status between two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).53.0%of the floating population who had studied infectious diseases during their stay in Beijing.6.6%and 55.5%answered that the types and transmission routes of infectious diseases were all correct.The results of multivariate analysis showed that 35 to less than 45 years old(OR=0.471),45 to less than 55 years old(OR=0.374),more than 55 years old(OR=0.071),working hours were 8 h(OR=0.305),more than 8 h(OR=0.176),self-perceived poor health(OR=0.429)were less likely to learn about infectious diseases(P<0.05);high school or technical secondary school(OR=5.006),junior college or above(OR=5.071),purchase a house(OR=1.886),physical exercise(OR=1.905)were more likely to learn about infectious diseases(P<0.05).Conclusion The overall awareness rate of the floating population’s infectious disease knowledge needs to be improved,and targeted health education can be carried out.