义务教育中小学生近视眼患病率调查和影响因素分析

Investigation on the prevalence of myopia and analysis of influencing factors among primary and middle school students in compulsory education

目的调查并分析义务教育中小学生近视眼患病率及影响因素,同时制订相应的预防性干预措施。方法选取西安市某社区2017年1月—2020年1月的3000名中小学生为研究对象,采用社区普查方式收集受试中小学生的基本资料,统计中小学生近视眼患病率。以纳入学生有无近视进行分组,分析近视眼发生的影响因素。结果3000名中小学生近视眼患病率为44.13%。小学生近视眼患病率为14.27%,初中生为29.86%。近视眼组年龄≥12岁、父母存在相同病史、布置作业量>80 min、看手机电视时间>2 h、偏食、看书躺窝位、每天运动时间<1 h占比高于视力正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。布置作业量(OR=2.046)、看手机电视时间(OR=2.380)、看书姿势(OR=2.361)、每天运动时间(OR=2.115)是影响中小学生近视眼的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论中小学生近视的发生与年龄、父母有无相同病史、布置作业量、看手机和看电视时间、是否偏食、看书姿势、每天运动时间存在密切关系。就此,应结合以上因素施以预防性干预措施,以降低中小学生近视眼患病率。

Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in primary and secondary school students in compulsory education,and to formulate corresponding preventive measures.Methods From January 2017 to January 2020,a total of 3000 primary and middle school students in a community in Xi’an were selected as the research objects.The basic data of primary and middle school students were collected by community census,the prevalence rate of myopia in primary and middle school students were counted.The students were divided into groups based on whether the students had myopia or not,and the factors affecting myopia were analyzed.Results The prevalence of myopia among 3000 elementary and middle school students was 44.13%.The prevalence of myopia in elementary school students was 14.27%,and that of junior high school students was 29.86%.The proportion of myopia group age≥12 years old,parents with the same medical history,assignment of homework more than 80 min,mobile phone TV time more than 2 h,partial eclipse,reading and lying down position,daily exercise time less than 1 h were significantly higher than those in the normal vision group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The amount of homework assigned(OR=2.046),time spent watching mobile TV(OR=2.380),reading posture(OR=2.361),daily exercise time(OR=2.115)were independent risk factors affecting myopia in primary and middle school students(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of myopia in elementary and middle school students is closely related to age,whether their parents had the same medical history,the amount of homework assigned,the time spent on mobile phones and TV,whether they are partial eclipse,the posture of reading books,and the time of daily exercise.In this regard,preventive intervention measures should be combined with the above factors to reduce the prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary school students.